Based on parametric reasoning, we provide a simple dynamical picture of how a perturbative parton cascade, in interaction with a QCD medium, fills phase space as a function of time.
These lecture notes are a combination of two lectures and a contribution to the celebration of Andrzej Białas' birthday at the LI Cracow School of Theoretical Physics in June 2011. I here discuss the dynamics of particle production in high energy reactions. It includes parton cascades and hadronization in e+e--ann., small x evolution including the Double Leading Log approximation and the BFKL equation, saturation at high densities and the BK equation, and finally the Lund Dipole Cascade model for high energy collisions, which is implemented in the DIPSY MC.
Parton Cascade Models (PCM), which describe the full time-evolution of a system of quarks and gluons using pQCD interactions are ideally suited for the description of jet production, including the emission, evolution and energy-loss of the full parton shower in a hot and dense QCD medium. The Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect, the quantum interference of parton wave functions due to repeated scatterings against the background medium, is likely the dominant in-medium effect affecting jet suppression. We have implemented a probabilistic implementation of the LPM effect within the PCM which …
Going beyond the simplified gluonic cascades, we introduce both gluon and quark degrees of freedom for partonic cascades inside the medium. We then solve the set of coupled evolution equations numerically with splitting kernels calculated for static, exponential, and Bjorken expanding media to arrive at medium-modified parton spectra for quark and gluon initiated jets. Using these, we calculate the inclusive jet $R_{AA}$ where the phenomenologically driven combinations of quark and gluon jet fractions are included. Then, the rapidity dependence of the jet $R_{AA}$ is examined. We also study th…
We studied the evolution of jets within a medium that contains both, transverse kicks as well as medium induced coherent radiation. In this framework parton branching occurs simultaneously to scatterings within the medium, leading to the interference effects that reproduce the well known BDMPS-Z emission rates and sizeable transverse momentum broadening. We examined the relative importances of transverse momentum broadening from the coherent splittings and different types of in-medium scatterings and found a clear hierarchy of the influences from different scattering effects and deflections du…
Highly energetic particles in the medium of a quark gluon plasma undergo processes of coherent medium induced radiation and scatterings off medium particles. We solved the evolution equations for particle fragmentation functions that describe in-medium evolution via these two in-medium processes numerically via Monte-Carlo algorithms. We study the in-medium broadening of the distribution over momentum components transverse to the jet-axis for different cases of jet-medium interactions and different values of average transverse momentum transfer.
We study the production of bottom quarks in $pp$ collisions at Large Hadron Collider energies using previously developed parton cascade model to explore the impact of Landau Pomeranchuk Midgal (LPM) effect on their dynamics. In contrast to the case for charm quarks reported recently, we find only a marginal impact of the suppression of multiple scatterings of partons due to the LPM effect on their production. It is felt that this happens as they are only produced in very hard collisions.
It is the central goal of our studies to describe parton fragmentation in the hot and dense medium of a quark gluon plasma (QGP). Under the assumption that the medium is not static and homogeneous, knowledge about the temporal evolution of the processes involved can be of essential importance. Therefore, parton fragmentation has been studied with a Monte-Carlo algorithm that approximates the DGLAP-evolution of fragmentation functions via a set of parton cascades. The presented work consists mainly of implementations of this kind of algorithm and the application of a simple approximation, which…
We investigate the radiative break-up of a highly energetic quark or gluon in a high-temperature QCD plasma. Within an inertial range of momenta $T \ll ω\ll E$, where $E$ denotes the energy of the original hard parton (jet) and $T$ the temperature of of the medium, we find that, as a result of the turbulent nature of the underlying parton cascade, the quark to gluon ratio of the soft fragments tends to a universal constant value that is independent of the initial conditions. We discuss implications of this result to jet quenching physics and the problem of thermalization of the quark-gluon pla…
We have updated the parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE 2.0 for relativistic nuclear collisions (cf. Comput. Phys. Comm. 183(2012)333) to the new issue of PACIAE 2.1. The PACIAE model is based on PYTHIA. In the PYTHIA model, once the generated particle/parton transverse momentum $p_T$ is randomly selected, its component of $[p_x,p_y]$ was originally put on the circle with radius $p_T$ randomly. It is now replaced by put on the circumference of ellipse with half major and minor axes of $p_T(1+δ_p)$ and $p_T(1-δ_p)$, respectively, in order to investigate better the transverse momentum anisotr…
We discuss the dynamics of parton cascades that develop in dense QCD matter, and contrast their properties with those of similar cascades of gluon radiation in vacuum. We argue that such cascades belong to two distinct classes that are characterized respectively by an increasing or a constant (or decreasing) branching rate along the cascade. In the former class, of which the BDMPS, medium-induced, cascade constitutes a typical example, it takes a finite time to transport a finite amount of energy to very soft quanta, while this time is essentially infinite in the latter case, to which the DGLA…
ALP photo-production in the parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE
Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) and Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University(华中师范大学夸克与轻子物理教育部重点实验室及粒子物理研究所);School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan Textile University(武汉纺织大学数学与统计学院);School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University(贵州师范大学物理与电子科学学院);School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University(陕西师范大学物理学与信息工程学院);College of Physics, Sichuan University(四川大学物理学院);China Institute of Atomic Energy(中国原子能科学研究院)
The parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE 2.1 (cf. Comput. Phys. Commun.184 (2013) 1476) has been upgraded to the new issue of PACIAE 2.2. By this new issue the lepton-nucleon and lepton-nucleus (inclusive) deep inelastic scatterings can also be investigated. As an example, the PACIAE 2.2 model is enabled to calculate the specific charged hadron multiplicity in the $e^-$+p and $e^-$+D semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering at 27.6 GeV electron beam energy. The calculated results are well comparing with the corresponding HERMES data. Additionally, the effect of model parameters αand βin the …
We illustrate a study based on a veto technique to match parton showers and matrix elements in the Cascade Monte Carlo event generator, and present a numerical application to gluon matrix elements for jet production.
Cascade solutions of the Boltzmann equation suffer from causality violation at large densities and/or scattering cross sections. Although the particle subdivision technique can reduce the causality violation, it alters event-by-event correlations and fluctuations and is also computationally expensive. Here we evaluate and then improve the accuracy of the ZPC parton cascade for elastic scatterings inside a box without using parton subdivision. We first test different collision schemes for the collision times and ordering time and find that the default collision scheme does not accurately descri…
Motivated by the classical picture of heat flow we construct a stationary temperature gradient in a relativistic microscopic transport model. Employing the relativistic Navier-Stokes ansatz we extract the heat conductivity κ for a massless Boltzmann gas using only binary collisions with isotropic cross sections. We compare the numerical results to analytical expressions from different theories and discuss the final results. The directly extracted value for the heat conductivity can be referred to as a literature reference within the numerical uncertainties.
Parton Cascade Description of Heavy-Ion Collisions at CERN ?
现在似乎有一个普遍的共识,第一次瞥见QGP样的效果已经成为可见的美丽的NA 50数据J/γ产生和“异常抑制”现象。另一方面,人们仍然普遍认为,在欧洲核子研究中心SPS能量下的重离子碰撞动力学主要是由软的、非微扰的物理学控制的。这很讽刺:毕竟,如果基本的动力学本质上是软的,而不是它需要强烈的夸克-胶子产生和足够的级联式再相互作用来驱动物质达到大密度和平衡,那么QGP就不太可能形成。因此,我主张在这方面的贡献,超相对论性的核-核碰撞的描述的基础上的pQCD相互作用和级联演化的参与部分子可以而且应该使用,由于声称,短程部分子相互作用发挥了重要作用,在足够高的光束能量,包括欧洲核子研究中心的能量sqrt(s)= 20 A GeV。在这里,释放夸克和胶子的微型喷流的产生不能被认为是一个孤立的罕见现象,但可以大量发生,并可能导致复杂的多级联型过程。
The longitudinal long-range correlations of the triangular flow event plane angles are calculated in a Boltzmann + hydrodynamics hybrid approach. The potential to disentangle different energy deposition scenarios is explored by utilizing two different transport approaches for the early non-equilibrium evolution. In the hadronic transport approach the particle production in high energy heavy ion reactions is mainly governed by string excitation and fragmentation processes which are absent in the parton cascade approach. We find that in both approaches the initial state shows a strong longitudin…
The shear viscosity of a gluon gas is calculated using the Green-Kubo relation. Time correlations of the energy-momentum tensor in thermal equilibrium are extracted from microscopic simulations using a parton cascade solving various Boltzmann collision processes. We find that the pQCD based gluon bremsstrahlung described by Gunion-Bertsch processes significantly lowers the shear viscosity by a factor of 3-8 compared to elastic scatterings. The shear viscosity scales with the coupling as 1/(alpha_s^2\log(1/alpha_s)). For a constant coupling constant the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio …