小动物APD数字PET扫描仪通道故障自动检测与诊断系统
Automatic Channel Fault Detection and Diagnosis System for a Small Animal APD-Based Digital PET Scanner
摘要：
故障检测和诊断对于许多应用至关重要，以确保随着时间的推移正常运行和性能。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）系统，需要定期校准合格的扫描仪操作员是这样的持续改进的良好候选人。此外，对于采用晶体与光电探测器的一对一耦合以实现增强的空间分辨率和对比度的扫描仪，由于涉及大量的独立通道，校准任务甚至更加艰巨。为了应对这些扫描仪的校准和质量控制程序的额外复杂性，设计了一个智能系统（IS）来对故障通道进行故障检测和诊断（FDD）。信息系统可以分为四个层次的模块：参数提取，通道故障检测，故障优先级和诊断。在这些模块中，前两个已经报道过，本文的重点是故障优先级和诊断。故障优先级模块的目的是帮助操作员将注意力集中在需要立即注意的故障上。然后，故障诊断模块将识别故障的原因，并提出导致诊断的原因的解释。FDD系统在基于LabPET雪崩光电二极管（APD）的数字PET扫描仪上实现。实验证明，重大故障的FDD灵敏度为99.3%（95%置信区间（CI）为：[98.7，99.9]）。在全球范围内，不同故障严重程度的诊断平衡准确率为92%。这表明IS可以大大有利于操作员在他们的维护任务。
英文摘要：
Fault detection and diagnosis is critical to many applications in order to ensure proper operation and performance over time. Positron emission tomography (PET) systems that require regular calibrations by qualified scanner operators are good candidates for such continuous improvements. Furthermore, for scanners employing one-to-one coupling of crystals to photodetectors to achieve enhanced spatial resolution and contrast, the calibration task is even more daunting because of the large number of independent channels involved. To cope with the additional complexity of the calibration and quality control procedures of these scanners, an intelligent system (IS) was designed to perform fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of malfunctioning channels. The IS can be broken down into four hierarchical modules: parameter extraction, channel fault detection, fault prioritization and diagnosis. Of these modules, the first two have previously been reported and this paper focuses on fault prioritization and diagnosis. The purpose of the fault prioritization module is to help the operator to zero in on the faults that need immediate attention. The fault diagnosis module will then identify the causes of the malfunction and propose an explanation of the reasons that lead to the diagnosis. The FDD system was implemented on a LabPET avalanche photodiode (APD)-based digital PET scanner. Experiments demonstrated a FDD Sensitivity of 99.3 % (with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of: [98.7, 99.9]) for major faults. Globally, the Balanced Accuracy of the diagnosis for varying fault severities is 92 %. This suggests the IS can greatly benefit the operators in their maintenance task.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
