量子轨道的虚几何相位
Imaginary geometric phases of quantum trajectories
摘要：
当量子物体在具有非平凡规范结构的参数化状态空间中沿着轨道运动时，它可以积累几何相位。量子演化所固有的，一个系统不仅可以积累量子相位，还可能经历退相或量子扩散。在这里，我们表明，量子轨道的扩散也可以是几何性质的特点是虚部的几何相位。这种虚几何相位是由量子轨道周围的几何相位相关波动的干涉引起的。作为一个具体的例子，我们研究的光激发的电子-空穴对的量子轨迹，驱动的椭圆偏振太赫兹场，在一个材料与非零的Berry曲率附近的能带极端。当几何相位的实部导致激发电子-空穴对的线偏振光的法拉第旋转时，虚部表现为太赫兹边带的偏振椭圆率。几何量子扩散的发现扩展了几何相位的概念。
英文摘要：
A quantum object can accumulate a geometric phase when it is driven along a trajectory in a parameterized state space with non-trivial gauge structures. Inherent to quantum evolutions, a system can not only accumulate a quantum phase but may also experience dephasing, or quantum diffusion. Here we show that the diffusion of quantum trajectories can also be of geometric nature as characterized by the imaginary part of the geometric phase. Such an imaginary geometric phase results from the interference of geometric phase dependent fluctuations around the quantum trajectory. As a specific example, we study the quantum trajectories of the optically excited electron-hole pairs, driven by an elliptically polarized terahertz field, in a material with non-zero Berry curvature near the energy band extremes. While the real part of the geometric phase leads to the Faraday rotation of the linearly polarized light that excites the electron-hole pair, the imaginary part manifests itself as the polarization ellipticity of the terahertz sidebands. This discovery of geometric quantum diffusion extends the concept of geometric phases.
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