手册在知识创造和传播中的作用：科学和技术研究的一个案例
The role of handbooks in knowledge creation and diffusion: A case of science and technology studies
摘要：
体裁被认为是学术交流和科学学科实践中的一个重要因素。然而，科学计量学研究通常集中在一个单一的体裁，期刊文章。本研究的目的是了解手册在知识创造和传播中的作用及其与期刊文章体裁的关系，特别是在高度跨学科和新兴的社会科学和人文学科中。为了阐明这些问题，我们集中在过去四十年来出版的属于科学和技术研究（STS），广义的研究领域的手册和期刊文章。为了得到一个详细的图片，我们使用了五本手册的全文（50万字）和一组定义明确的11,700篇STS文章。我们证实了STS的方法分为定性和定量（科学计量）的方法。即使这两个传统探讨类似的主题（例如，科学和性别），他们从不同的出发点对待他们。手册和文章中认知焦点的变化部分反映了STS研究的变化趋势，通常由技术驱动。使用文本相似性的措施，我们发现，在STS的情况下，手册发挥没有特殊的作用，无论是集中研究工作或标记其下降。一般来说，它们并不代表自上一版手册以来出现的研究方向的摘要。
英文摘要：
Genre is considered to be an important element in scholarly communication and in the practice of scientific disciplines. However, scientometric studies have typically focused on a single genre, the journal article. The goal of this study is to understand the role that handbooks play in knowledge creation and diffusion and their relationship with the genre of journal articles, particularly in highly interdisciplinary and emergent social science and humanities disciplines. To shed light on these questions we focused on handbooks and journal articles published over the last four decades belonging to the research area of Science and Technology Studies (STS), broadly defined. To get a detailed picture we used the full-text of five handbooks (500,000 words) and a well-defined set of 11,700 STS articles. We confirmed the methodological split of STS into qualitative and quantitative (scientometric) approaches. Even when the two traditions explore similar topics (e.g., science and gender) they approach them from different starting points. The change in cognitive foci in both handbooks and articles partially reflects the changing trends in STS research, often driven by technology. Using text similarity measures we found that, in the case of STS, handbooks play no special role in either focusing the research efforts or marking their decline. In general, they do not represent the summaries of research directions that have emerged since the previous edition of the handbook.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
