空间条件下材料试验用真空紫外模拟器的设计与性能
Design and performance of a vacuum-UV simulator for material testing under space conditions
摘要：
本文介绍了一个VUV模拟器，已被设计用于研究在空间条件下的材料降解的结构和性能。它是位于德国不来梅的德国航天中心综合辐照设施的一部分，该设施是为在整个紫外线范围内以及在质子和电子辐照下测试材料而建造的。目前可用于材料测试的UV源不允许以小于约$115$ nm的波长进行辐照，其中普通氘灯显示强度截止。VUV模拟器通过用电子束激发气流来产生辐射。辐射的强度可以通过操纵气流和/或电子束来改变。VUV模拟器已在$40$ nm至$410$ nm范围内的三种不同气流设置下进行了校准。校准由柏林的Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt（PTB）进行。测量的光谱显示在VUV范围内，即波长小于$200$ nm时，从$24$到$58$ mW $\rm{m^{-2}}$（见表4.2）的总辐照强度。它们表现出大量的光谱线产生的气体流成分或金属原子的残留气体中使用的金属来源的来源建设。在从$40$ nm到$120$ nm的范围内，氘灯不可用，根据气体流量设置，达到$3$到$26.3$太阳常数的加速系数。VUV模拟器允许研究由光电离和光解离引起的一般降解效应，以及通过使用与$1$ AU的太阳强度相比显着更高的强度进行加速降解测试。
英文摘要：
This paper describes the construction and performance of a VUV-simulator that has been designed to study degradation of materials under space conditions. It is part of the Complex Irradiation Facility at DLR in Bremen, Germany, that has been built for testing of material under irradiation in the complete UV-range as well as under proton and electron irradiation. Presently available UV-sources used for material tests do not allow the irradiation with wavelengths smaller than about $115$ nm where common Deuterium lamps show an intensity cut-off. The VUV-simulator generates radiation by excitation of a gas-flow with an electron beam. The intensity of the radiation can be varied by manipulating the gas-flow and/or the electron beam. The VUV simulator has been calibrated at three different gas-flow settings in the range from $40$ nm to $410$ nm. The calibration has been made by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Berlin. The measured spectra show total irradiance intensities from $24$ to $58$ mW$\rm{m^{-2}}$ (see Table 4.2) in the VUV-range, i.e. for wavelengths smaller than $200$ nm. They exhibit a large number of spectral lines generated either by the gas-flow constituents or by metal atoms in the residual gas which come from metals used in the source construction. In the range from $40$ nm to $120$ nm where Deuterium lamps are not usable, acceleration factors of $3$ to $26.3$ Solar Constants are reached depending on the gas-flow setting. The VUV-simulator allows studies of general degradation effects caused by photoionization and photodissociation as well as accelerated degradation tests by use of intensities that are significantly higher compared to that of the Sun at $1$ AU.
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