在AERA无线电台中实现的使用线性预测的FPGA/NIOS自适应FIR滤波器的第一结果，以减少用于宇宙射线无线电探测的窄带RFI
First results from the FPGA/NIOS Adaptive FIR Filter Using Linear Prediction Implemented in the AERA Radio Stations to Reduce Narrow Band RFI for Radio Detection of Cosmic Rays
摘要：
基于线性预测（LP）的FPGA/NIOS FIR滤波器用于抑制射频干扰（RFI），已安装在俄歇工程无线电阵列（AERA）实验中的多个电台中。AERA观测由超高能宇宙射线引起的大范围空气簇射的相干无线电发射，以详细研究空气簇射电磁部分的发展。无线电信号提供了补充信息，从俄歇表面探测器，这是主要敏感的空气簇射在表面的粒子含量。来自空气簇射的无线电信号是由地磁和电荷过剩过程引起的相干发射引起的。这些发射可以在10 - 100 MHz之间的频带中观察到。然而，这个频率范围被窄带RFI和其他人为失真严重污染。在无线电传感器前端电子设备的FPGA逻辑段中实现的FIR滤波器显著提高了信噪比。在本文中，我们提出的自适应LP FIR滤波器的效率，部署在真正的AERA站的潘帕斯草原，目前使用的IIR陷波滤波器与常系数的比较。实验室测试证实了过滤器的稳定性。使用恒定的LP系数，抑制效率在数小时内保持相同，这对应于多于$\bf 10^{12}$时钟周期。我们在实际条件下比较了几种不同长度和不同系数宽度的LP FIR滤波器（由于FPGA逻辑中的定点表示），目的是最大限度地减少无线电台的功耗，同时保持足够的精度来降低噪声。
英文摘要：
The FPGA/NIOS FIR filter based on linear prediction (LP) to suppress radio frequency interference (RFI) has been installed in several radio stations in the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) experiment. AERA observes coherent radio emission from extensive air showers induced by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays to make a detailed study of the development of the electromagnetic part of air showers. Radio signals provide complementary information to that obtained from Auger surface detectors, which are predominantly sensitive to the particle content of an air shower at the surface. The radio signals from air showers are caused by the coherent emission due to geomagnetic and charge-excess processes. These emissions can be observed in the frequency band between 10 - 100 MHz. However, this frequency range is significantly contaminated by narrow-band RFI and other human-made distortions. A FIR filter implemented in the FPGA logic segment of the front-end electronics of a radio sensor significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper we present first results of the efficiency of the adaptive LP FIR filter, deployed in real AERA station on pampas, with a comparison to the currently used IIR notch filter with constant coefficients. The laboratory tests confirms the stability of the filter. Using constant LP coefficients the suppression efficiency remains the same for hours, which corresponds to more than $\bf 10^{12}$ clock cycles. We compared in real conditions several variants of the LP FIR filter with various lengths and various coefficients widths (due to fixed-point representations in the FPGA logic) with the aim to minimize the power consumption for the radio station while keeping sufficient accuracy for noise reduction.
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