在CALIFA调查中玩耍的小鼠：首次通过和合并之间的富气主要合并的案例研究
The Mice at play in the CALIFA survey: A case study of a gas-rich major merger between first passage and coalescence
摘要：
我们提出了对老鼠的光学积分场光谱（IFS）观测，这是两个巨大的（>10^11Msol）富含气体的螺旋NGC 4676 A和B之间的主要合并，在第一次通过和最终合并之间观察到。光谱提供恒星和气体的运动学，电离气体的性质和恒星星族诊断，在整个光学范围内的两个星系。Mice提供了一个完美的案例研究，突出了IFS数据对于提高我们对本地星系的理解的重要性。第一次通过对恒星和气体运动学的影响是显著的，在两个星系中都可能产生强烈的酒吧。棒旋星系NGC 4676 B在其恒星和电离气体盘中都表现出强烈的扭曲。另一方面，到目前为止，合并对恒星星族的影响微乎其微：最近的近距离通过引起的恒星形成对全球恒星形成率或星系的恒星质量没有显着贡献。这两个星系都显示出沿其短轴延伸的高电离气体双锥。在NGC 4676 A中，高的气体速度弥散和大尺度高度处的Seyfer-like线比表明了一个强大的外流。快速冲击延伸到盘平面上方~6.6kpc。测得的冲压压力和质量流出速率（约8- 20 Msol/yr）与当地ULIRGs的超级风相似，尽管NGC 4676 A只有3x10^10 Lsol的中等红外光度。驱动外流似乎需要恒星暴增的机械能以外的能量。我们比较的意见，模拟运动学和恒星星族地图合并模拟。模型显示，在第一次通过期间和之后，恒星形成几乎没有增强，与观测结果一致。我们强调IFS数据可以帮助进一步约束模型的领域。
英文摘要：
We present optical integral field spectroscopy (IFS) observations of the Mice, a major merger between two massive (>10^11Msol) gas-rich spirals NGC4676A and B, observed between first passage and final coalescence. The spectra provide stellar and gas kinematics, ionised gas properties and stellar population diagnostics, over the full optical extent of both galaxies. The Mice provide a perfect case study highlighting the importance of IFS data for improving our understanding of local galaxies. The impact of first passage on the kinematics of the stars and gas has been significant, with strong bars likely induced in both galaxies. The barred spiral NGC4676B exhibits a strong twist in both its stellar and ionised gas disk. On the other hand, the impact of the merger on the stellar populations has been minimal thus far: star formation induced by the recent close passage has not contributed significantly to the global star formation rate or stellar mass of the galaxies. Both galaxies show bicones of high ionisation gas extending along their minor axes. In NGC4676A the high gas velocity dispersion and Seyfert-like line ratios at large scaleheight indicate a powerful outflow. Fast shocks extend to ~6.6kpc above the disk plane. The measured ram pressure and mass outflow rate (~8-20Msol/yr) are similar to superwinds from local ULIRGs, although NGC4676A has only a moderate infrared luminosity of 3x10^10Lsol. Energy beyond that provided by the mechanical energy of the starburst appears to be required to drive the outflow. We compare the observations to mock kinematic and stellar population maps from a merger simulation. The models show little enhancement in star formation during and following first passage, in agreement with the observations. We highlight areas where IFS data could help further constrain the models.
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