质子辐照后真空沉积铝薄膜中氢分子泡的形成
Molecular Hydrogen bubbles formation on thin vacuum deposited Aluminum layers after proton irradiation
摘要：
金属是航天技术中最常用的材料。金属结构在太空中使用时，会受到电磁辐射和粒子辐射的全光谱影响。因此，它们会退化。未来的空间飞行任务计划在行星际空间进行，在行星际空间中，太阳风的质子对金属表面具有很强的破坏作用。不幸的是，它们的真实降解行为在很大程度上是未知的。我们的目标是预测材料在这种破坏性环境中的行为。因此，理论和实验研究都在德国不来梅的德国航空航天中心（DLR）进行。在这里，我们报告这些研究的理论结果。我们研究了金属表面上氢气泡的形成过程。氢气泡是充满氢分子气体的金属帽，由金属自由电子和太阳质子的复合过程产生。提出了汽泡生长的热力学模型。我们的模型预测，例如，增长的速度和由气泡填充的箔的反射率。气泡的形成不可逆地改变了辐照金属的表面质量。薄金属膜对这种降解过程特别敏感。例如，它们被用于太阳帆推进技术。该技术的效率取决于帆材料的热光特性。因此，在规划长期太阳帆飞行任务时，必须考虑到气泡的形成过程。
英文摘要：
Metals are the most common materials used in space technology. Metal structures, while used in space, are subjected to the full spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation together with particle irradiation. Hence, they undergo degradation. Future space missions are planned to proceed in the interplanetary space, where the protons of the solar wind play a very destructive role on metallic surfaces. Unfortunately, their real degradation behavior is to a great extent unknown. Our aim is to predict materials' behavior in such a destructive environment. Therefore both, theoretical and experimental studies are performed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Bremen, Germany. Here, we report the theoretical results of those studies. We examine the process of H2-bubble formation on metallic surfaces. H2-bubbles are metal caps filled with Hydrogen molecular gas resulting from recombination processes of the metal free electrons and the solar protons. A thermodynamic model of the bubble growth is presented. Our model predicts e.g. the velocity of that growth and the reflectivity of foils populated by bubbles. Formation of bubbles irreversibly changes the surface quality of irradiated metals. Thin metallic films are especially sensitive for such degradation processes. They are used e.g. in the solar sail propulsion technology. The efficiency of that technology depends on the thermo-optical properties of the sail materials. Therefore, bubble formation processes have to be taken into account for the planning of long-term solar sail missions.
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