长链非编码RNA作为新肽的来源
Long non-coding RNAs as a source of new peptides
摘要：
深度转录组测序已经揭示了许多转录物的存在，这些转录物缺乏长的或保守的开放阅读框，并且被称为长非编码RNA（lncRNA）。尽管存在几种在基因表达调节中起作用的特征性lncRNA，但它们中的绝大多数还不具有已知的功能。出于对几个物种的核糖体分析数据的存在，我们已经测试了这一假设，即它们可以作为一个仓库，用于使用来自人类，小鼠，斑马鱼，果蝇，拟南芥和酵母的数据合成新的肽。核糖体保护模式与大量lncRNA中翻译的开放阅读框（ORF）的存在一致。大多数核糖体保护的ORF短于100个氨基酸，通常覆盖不到一半的转录物。这些ORF中的核糖体密度很高，与3UTR区域形成鲜明对比，3UTR区域中通常没有可检测的核糖体结合，类似于真正的蛋白质编码基因。核糖体保护的ORF的编码潜力，使用六聚体频率测量，显着高于随机选择的内含子ORF和类似的进化年轻的编码序列。lncRNA的核糖体保护的ORF的选择性限制低于典型的蛋白质编码基因，但再次类似于年轻的蛋白质。这些结果强烈表明lncRNA在从头蛋白质进化中起重要作用。
英文摘要：
Deep transcriptome sequencing has revealed the existence of many transcripts that lack long or conserved open reading frames and which have been termed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Despite the existence of several well-characterized lncRNAs that play roles in the regulation of gene expression, the vast majority of them do not yet have a known function. Motivated by the existence of ribosome profiling data for several species, we have tested the hypothesis that they may act as a repository for the synthesis of new peptides using data from human, mouse, zebrafish, fruit fly, Arabidopsis and yeast. The ribosome protection patterns are consistent with the presence of translated open reading frames (ORFs) in a very large number of lncRNAs. Most of the ribosome-protected ORFs are shorter than 100 amino acids and usually cover less than half the transcript. Ribosome density in these ORFs is high and contrasts sharply with the 3UTR region, in which very often there is no detectable ribosome binding, similar to bona fide protein-coding genes. The coding potential of ribosome-protected ORFs, measured using hexamer frequencies, is significantly higher than that of randomly selected intronic ORFs and similar to that of evolutionary young coding sequences. Selective constraints in ribosome-protected ORFs from lncRNAs are lower than in typical protein-coding genes but again similar to young proteins. These results strongly suggest that lncRNAs play an important role in de novo protein evolution.
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