适应人群中的有害乘客
Deleterious passengers in adapting populations
摘要：
大多数新的突变都是有害的，最终会被自然选择所淘汰。但在适应性种群中，有益突变的快速扩增可能会阻碍基因组附近区域有害变异的去除，从而改变序列进化的模式。在这里，我们分析了适应过程中有益的“驱动”突变和相关的有害“乘客”之间的相互作用。我们推导出有害突变的替代率作为其健身成本的函数的解析表达式，以及由于乘客的遗传负荷的有益替代率的减少。我们发现，每个有害的突变的命运变化显着的速率和频谱的有益的突变，与非单调依赖于人口规模和适应率。通过量化这种依赖性，我们的研究结果使我们能够估计哪些有害的突变可能会被修复，以及在适应的进展显着减少之前必须出现多少这些突变。
英文摘要：
Most new mutations are deleterious and are eventually eliminated by natural selection. But in an adapting population, the rapid amplification of beneficial mutations can hinder the removal of deleterious variants in nearby regions of the genome, altering the patterns of sequence evolution. Here, we analyze the interactions between beneficial "driver" mutations and linked deleterious "passengers" during the course of adaptation. We derive analytical expressions for the substitution rate of a deleterious mutation as a function of its fitness cost, as well as the reduction in the beneficial substitution rate due to the genetic load of the passengers. We find that the fate of each deleterious mutation varies dramatically with the rate and spectrum of beneficial mutations, with a non-monotonic dependence on both the population size and the rate of adaptation. By quantifying this dependence, our results allow us to estimate which deleterious mutations will be likely to fix, and how many of these mutations must arise before the progress of adaptation is significantly reduced.
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