对半影色球层的磁地震学见解和针状体中波阻尼的证据
Magneto-seismological insights into the penumbral chromosphere and evidence for wave damping in spicules
摘要：
磁结构中传播的磁流体动力学扭折波的观测及其性质（振幅、相速）的测量可用于通过磁地震学（MS）诊断磁结构附近的等离子体状况。我们的目标是揭示使用这种技术的太阳黑子半影以上的色球/过渡区的属性。日之出观测到一个太阳黑子，因为它是通过肢体，提供了一个独特的一面，对太阳黑子的气氛。在\ion{Ca}{II} H图像中，大针状喷流的存在是明显的。射流被发现，以支持横波运动的中心轴，这可以被解释为一个扭结波。测量波事件的性质，并用于确定沿结构的磁性和密度分层。我们还测量了针状体的宽度和强度分布。所测量的波的性质揭示了一个初始的快速增加的振幅与太阳表面以上的高度，随后的振幅下降。MS反演表明这种初始增加对应于密度和磁场强度的大变化。此外，我们提供了骨针的宽度与高度的第一次测量，这证实了骨针下进行快速扩张。测得的膨胀显示出良好的协议与MS的结果。所观察到的等离子体参数的变化建议部分是由于重力分层，环境大气的存在。将宽度测量与相速度测量相结合，意味着在更高的高度处观察到的波振幅的减小可以通过波阻尼来解释。因此，我们提供了第一个直接的证据，在色球针状体和阻尼的品质因数波阻尼被发现是显着小于估计的日冕值。
英文摘要：
The observation of propagating magneto-hydrodynamic kink waves in magnetic structures and measurement of their properties (amplitude, phase speed) can be used to diagnose the plasma conditions in the neighbourhood of the magnetic structure via magneto-seismology (MS). We aim to reveal properties of the chromosphere/Transition Region above the sunspot penumbra using this technique. Hinode observed a sunspot as it was crossing the limb, providing a unique side on view of the sunspot atmosphere. The presence of large spicule-like jets is evident in \ion{Ca}{II} H images. The jets are found to support transverse wave motions that displace the central axis, which can be interpreted as a kink wave. The properties of a wave event are measured and used to determine the magnetic and density stratification along the structure. We also measure the width of the spicule and the intensity profile along the structure. The measured wave properties reveal an initial rapid increase in amplitude with height above the solar surface, followed by a decrease in amplitude. The MS inversion suggests this initial increase corresponds to large changes in density and magnetic field strength. In addition, we provide the first measurements of spicule width with height, which confirm that the spicule under goes rapid expansion. The measured expansion shows good agreement with the results from the MS. The observed variations in plasma parameters are suggested to be partly due to the presence of a gravitational stratified, ambient atmosphere. Combining width measurements with phase speed measurements implies the observed decrease in wave amplitude at greater heights can be explained by wave damping. Hence, we provide the first direct evidence of wave damping in chromospheric spicules and the quality factor of the damping is found to be significantly smaller than estimated coronal values.
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