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arXiv 1405.1986astro-ph.EP
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低质量盘中行星系的多样性:陆地型行星形成和水输送

Diversity of planetary systems in low-mass disks: Terrestrial-type planet formation and water delivery

María Paula Ronco, Gonzalo C. de Elía

摘要:

几项观测和理论研究表明,只有岩石行星的行星系应该是宇宙中最常见的。我们研究的行星系的多样性,可能会形成围绕太阳的恒星在低质量的磁盘没有巨大的行星。我们专注于宜居带(HZ)中类地行星的形成过程,并分析它们的水含量,以确定天体生物学感兴趣的系统。此外,我们还研究了宽轨道行星的形成,因为它们可以用微透镜技术探测到。N体模拟的高分辨率(胚胎+星子)开发了广泛的表面密度分布。表面密度分布将幂律结合到形式为r^{-gamma}的盘的内部,与指数衰减到外部。我们采用0.03M_sun的圆盘和gamma = 0.5、1和1.5的值。我们所有的模拟都在HZ中形成行星,其质量和最终水含量取决于3个剖面。当γ = 0.5时,我们在HZ产生了3颗质量在0.03 ~ 0.1 M_e之间,含水量在0.2 ~ 16个地球海洋之间的行星。当γ = 1时,在HZ形成3颗质量在0.18 - 0.52 M_e之间的行星,含水量在34 - 167个地球海洋之间。当γ = 1.5时,我们在HZ发现了4颗行星,质量在0.66 - 2.21 M_e之间,含水量在192 - 2326地球海洋之间。这个剖面显示了独特的结果,因为它是这里唯一一个导致水世界形成的研究。由于伽马= 1和1.5的行星系在HZ中呈现出合适的质量,以保持长寿的大气层和维持板块构造,它们似乎是最优秀的候选者,可能是宜居的。特别是,这些系统在雪线附近形成了可以通过微透镜发现的地球和超级地球。

英文摘要:

Several studies, observational and theoretical, suggest that planetary systems with only rocky planets should be the most common in the Universe. We study the diversity of planetary systems that might form around Sun-like stars in low-mass disks without giant planets. We focus on the formation process of terrestrial planets in the habitable zone (HZ) and analyze their water contents with the goal to determine systems of astrobiological interest. Besides, we study the formation of planets on wide orbits because they can be detected with the microlensing technique. N-body simulations of high resolution (embryos + planetesimals) are developed for a wide range of surface density profiles. The surface density profile combines a power law to the inside of the disk of the form r^{-gamma}, with an exponential decay to the outside. We adopt a disk of 0.03M_sun and values of gamma = 0.5, 1 and 1.5. All our simulations form planets in the HZ with different masses and final water contents depending on the 3 profiles. For gamma = 0.5, we produce 3 planets in the HZ with masses between 0.03 M_e to 0.1 M_e and water contents between 0.2 and 16 Earth oceans. For gamma = 1, 3 planets form in the HZ with masses between 0.18 M_e and 0.52 M_e and water contents from 34 to 167 Earth oceans. For gamma = 1.5, we find 4 planets in the HZ with masses from 0.66 M_e to 2.21 M_e and water contents between 192 and 2326 Earth oceans. This profile shows distinctive results because it is the only one of those studied here that leads to the formation of water worlds. Since planetary systems with gamma = 1 and 1.5 present planets in the HZ with suitable masses to retain a long-live atmosphere and to maintain plate tectonics, they seem to be the most outstanding candidates to be potentially habitable. Particularly, these systems form Earths and Super-Earths near the snow line which can be discovered by microlensing.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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