在高空间和光谱分辨率下探测的参宿七变星风
The variable stellar wind of Rigel probed at high spatial and spectral resolution
摘要：
我们提出了一个空间分辨，高光谱分辨率（R=12000）K波段的时间监测参宿七使用琥珀在VLTI。参宿七在2006-2007年和2009-2010年被观测到在γ射线及其附近的连续谱中。这些前所未有的观测得到了同期光学高分辨率光谱学的补充。我们分析了近红外光谱和vibrations与一维非LTE辐射传输代码CMFGEN。差分和闭合相位信号表现出被解释为风的扰动的不对称性。在北伽马观测到系统性的能见度下降。在2006-2007年期间，伽玛暴和可能的连续统形成区域比2009-2010年时期更大。使用CMFGEN，我们推断两个时期之间的质量损失率变化约为20%。我们进一步发现的差分vibration和相位的时间变化。2006-2007年期间的特点是显着变化的差分vibrium的多普勒位置和宽度和弱变化的差分和关闭阶段。2009年至2010年期间是更安静，几乎没有可检测到的变化，分散的维生素，但观察到一个强大的S形信号的微分相位符合一个强喷射事件在光谱中可辨别的。有时检测到的微分相位信号让人想起从共转相互作用区域的流体动力学模型计算的信号。在某些时期，信号的时间演化表明了星周结构的旋转。
英文摘要：
We present a spatially resolved, high-spectral resolution (R=12000) K-band temporal monitoring of Rigel using AMBER at the VLTI. Rigel was observed in the Bracket Gamma line and its nearby continuum in 2006-2007, and 2009-2010. These unprecedented observations were complemented by contemporaneous optical high-resolution spectroscopy. We analyse the near-IR spectra and visibilities with the 1D non-LTE radiative-transfer code CMFGEN. The differential and closure phase signal exhibit asymmetries that are interpreted as perturbations of the wind. A systematic visibility decrease is observed across the Bracket Gamma. During the 2006-2007 period the Bracket Gamma and likely the continuum forming regions were larger than in the 2009-2010 epoch. Using CMFGEN, we infer a mass-loss rate change of about 20% between the two epochs. We further find time variations in the differential visibilities and phases. The 2006-2007 period is characterized by noticeable variations of the differential visibilities in Doppler position and width and by weak variations in differential and closure phase. The 2009-2010 period is much more quiet with virtually no detectable variations in the dispersed visibilities but a strong S-shape signal is observed in differential phase coinciding with a strong ejection event discernible in the optical spectra. The differential phase signal that is sometimes detected is reminiscent of the signal computed from hydrodynamical models of corotating interaction regions. For some epochs the temporal evolution of the signal suggests the rotation of the circumstellar structures.
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