用低熔点合金油墨液相3D打印快速制造金属物体
Liquid Phase 3D Printing for Quickly Manufacturing Metal Objects with Low Melting Point Alloy Ink
摘要：
传统的3D打印通常很耗时，可打印的金属油墨也相当有限。从另一种方式出发，我们提出了一种快速制造金属物体的液相3D打印。通过引入熔点略高于室温的金属合金作为印刷油墨，展示了从一维、二维和三维到更复杂图案的几种代表性结构的快速制造。与传统3D打印中的空气冷却相比，液相制造提供了更高的冷却速率，从而显着提高了制造金属物体的速度。这种独特的策略还有效地防止了液态金属油墨的空气氧化，这在普通的3D打印中是难以避免的。几个关键的物理因素（如冷却液的性质，注射速度和针直径，印刷油墨的类型和性质等）这将明显影响印刷质量。此外，还提出了一个基本路线，使未来的液相3D打印机结合注射泵和针阵列。液相3D打印方法具有传统模式无法提供的潜在价值，为未来快速制造金属物体开辟了一条有效的途径。
英文摘要：
Conventional 3D printings are generally time-consuming and printable metal inks are rather limited. From an alternative way, we proposed a liquid phase 3D printing for quickly making metal objects. Through introducing metal alloys whose melting point is slightly above room temperature as printing inks, several representative structures spanning from one, two and three dimension to more complex patterns were demonstrated to be quickly fabricated. Compared with the air cooling in a conventional 3D printing, the liquid-phase-manufacturing offers a much higher cooling rate and thus significantly improves the speed in fabricating metal objects. This unique strategy also efficiently prevents the liquid metal inks from air oxidation which is hard to avoid otherwise in an ordinary 3D printing. Several key physical factors (like properties of the cooling fluid, injection speed and needle diameter, types and properties of the printing ink, etc.) were disclosed which would evidently affect the printing quality. In addition, a basic route to make future liquid phase 3D printer incorporated with both syringe pump and needle arrays was also suggested. The liquid phase 3D printing method, which owns potential values not available in a conventional modality, opens an efficient way for quickly making metal objects in the coming time.
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