电子加速腔中相对论电子维格纳晶体的形成
Relativistic electron Wigner crystal formation in a cavity for electron acceleration
摘要：
众所周知，如果电子密度小于临界值，则在均匀中和背景中的电子气体可以结晶并形成晶格。这种结晶可以具有二维或三维结构。由于在高度非线性的破波制度（气泡制度）的尾场电位具有空腔的形式，其中背景电子被抽空，只有带正电荷的离子保留，它是适合于结晶的捕获和加速的电子束。然而，在这种情况下，晶体是相对论运动的，并显示出新的三维结构，我们称之为相对论维格纳晶体。我们分析这些结构使用相对论性哈密顿方法。我们还检查了相对论维格纳晶体的稳定性和相变。
英文摘要：
It is known that a gas of electrons in a uniform neutralizing background can crystallize and form a lattice if the electron density is less than a critical value. This crystallization may have two- or three-dimensional structure. Since the wake field potential in the highly-nonlinear-broken-wave regime (bubble regime) has the form of a cavity where the background electrons are evacuated from and only the positively charged ions remain, it is suited for crystallization of trapped and accelerated electron bunches. However, in this case, the crystal is moving relativistically and shows new three-dimensional structures that we call relativistic Wigner crystals. We analyze these structures using a relativistic Hamiltonian approach. We also check for stability and phase transitions of the relativistic Wigner crystals.
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