运动调节导致远端力将部分解体的衣原体轴丝弯曲成圆弧
Motor regulation results in distal forces that bend partially disintegrated Chlamydomonas axonemes into circular arcs
摘要：
纤毛和鞭毛的弯曲由动力蛋白马达蛋白产生的力驱动。这些力使轴丝（能动的细胞骨架结构）内相邻的微管对滑动。为了产生有规律的、自发的搏动模式，轴丝动力蛋白的活动必须在空间和时间上协调。一般认为，协调是由压力或张力介导的，压力或张力在运动的轴丝内积累，并以某种方式调节动力蛋白的活性。在实验轴丝进行温和的蛋白水解，我们观察到对的双峰相互关联，并形成几乎恒定曲率的弯曲。通过模拟一对细丝的静力学，我们发现马达的活动集中在双峰的远端。此外，我们表明，这种分布的电机活动符合模型中的曲率，或曲率引起的法向力，调节电机的活动。这些观察，加上我们的理论分析，提供了证据，动力蛋白的活动可以调节曲率或法向力，这可能，因此，在协调纤毛和鞭毛的跳动中发挥作用。
英文摘要：
The bending of cilia and flagella is driven by forces generated by dynein motor proteins. These forces slide adjacent microtubule doublets within the axoneme, the motile cytoskeletal structure. To create regular, oscilla- tory beating patterns, the activities of the axonemal dyneins must be coordinated both spatially and temporally. It is thought that coordination is mediated by stresses or strains, which build up within the moving axoneme, and somehow regulate dynein activity. While experimenting with axonemes subjected to mild proteolysis, we observed pairs of doublets associate with each other and form bends with almost constant curvature. By model- ing the statics of a pair of filaments, we show that the activity of the motors concentrates at the distal tips of the doublets. Furthermore, we show that this distribution of motor activity accords with models in which curvature, or curvature-induced normal forces, regulates the activity of the motors. These observations, together with our theoretical analysis, provide evidence that dynein activity can be regulated by curvature or normal forces, which may, therefore, play a role in coordinating the beating of cilia and flagella.
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