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arXiv 1404.2134astro-ph.HE
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斯威夫特J1357 .2-0933:最微弱的黑洞?

Swift J1357.2-0933: the faintest black hole?

M. Armas Padilla, R. Wijnands, N. Degenaar, T. Muñoz-Darias, J. Casares, R. P. Fender

摘要:

Swift J1357.2-0933是第一个被证实的非常微弱的黑洞X射线瞬变,轨道周期估计为2.8小时。我们在2013年7月用XMM-牛顿观测了Swift J1357.2-0933,在其静止状态下约50 ks。在0.5-10 keV的未吸收通量约为3 × 10 ^-15 erg cm-2 s-1时,可以清楚地探测到该源。如果源位于1.5 kpc的距离(如文献中所建议的),这将意味着光度约为8 × 10^29 erg s-1,使其成为探测到的最暗的静止黑洞LMXB。这也意味着,在低至2.8小时的静止期X射线光度与轨道周期图中,没有任何反转的迹象,正如理论上预测的那样,最近在0.5-10 keV X射线光度约为1.2 x 10^31 erg s-1时探测到的2.4小时轨道周期的黑洞MAXI J1659-152也支持了这一点。然而,雨燕J1357.2-0933的距离有相当大的不确定性,它可能距离6千秒差距。在这种情况下,它的静态光度为Lx ~ 1.3 x 10^31 erg s-1,即,类似于MAXI J1659-152,因此它将支持这种分叉期的存在。我们还用利物浦望远镜在r' ~22.3等的光学上探测到了这个源,同时我们也观测到了X射线。斯威夫特J1357.2-0933的X射线/光学光度比与黑洞在此静态X射线光度范围内的预期值一致。

英文摘要:

Swift J1357.2-0933 is the first confirmed very faint black hole X-ray transient and has a short estimated orbital period of 2.8 hr. We observed Swift J1357.2-0933 for ~50 ks with XMM-Newton in 2013 July during its quiescent state. The source is clearly detected at a 0.5-10 keV unabsorbed flux of ~3x10^-15 erg cm-2 s-1. If the source is located at a distance of 1.5 kpc (as suggested in the literature), this would imply a luminosity of ~8x10^29 erg s-1, making it the faintest detected quiescent black hole LMXB. This would also imply that there is no indication of a reversal in the quiescence X-ray luminosity versus orbital period diagram down to 2.8 hr, as has been predicted theoretically and recently supported by the detection of the 2.4 hr orbital period black hole MAXI J1659-152 at a 0.5-10 keV X-ray luminosity of ~ 1.2 x 10^31 erg s-1. However, there is considerable uncertainty in the distance of Swift J1357.2-0933 and it may be as distant as 6 kpc. In this case, its quiescent luminosity would be Lx ~ 1.3 x 10^31 erg s-1, i.e., similar to MAXI J1659-152 and hence it would support the existence of such a bifurcation period. We also detected the source in optical at r' ~22.3 mag with the Liverpool telescope, simultaneously to our X-ray observation. The X-ray/optical luminosity ratio of Swift J1357.2-0933 agrees with the expected value for a black hole at this range of quiescent X-ray luminosities.

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