中子星作为极端能量密度物质的探针
Neutron stars as probes of extreme energy density matter
AI总结：
本文综述利用中子星探测低温极端能量密度物质的观测与理论进展，强调质量、半径及夸克物质存在程度等关键问题。
摘要：
长期以来，中子星一直被视为地外实验室，我们可以借此了解低温下的极端能量密度物质。在本文中，我重点介绍天体物理观测及相关理论方面取得的一些最新进展。尽管关注点在于若干颗单个中子星的质量和半径这些亟需的信息，但文章也强调需要进一步认识中子星的诸多方面。文中总结了夸克物质能够在中子星中存在的程度，并着重指出必须采用非微扰处理。文章还提出了一些长期存在和新出现的问题，对这些问题的解答将提升我们当前的认识水平。
英文摘要：
Neutron stars have long been regarded as extra-terrestrial laboratories from which we can learn about extreme energy density matter at low temperatures. In this article, I highlight some of the recent advances made in astrophysical observations and related theory. Although the focus is on the much needed information on masses and radii of several individual neutron stars, the need for additional knowledge about the many facets of neutron stars is stressed. The extent to which quark matter can be present in neutron stars is summarized with emphasis on the requirement of non-perturbative treatments. Some longstanding and new questions, answers to which will advance our current status of knowledge, are posed.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
