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arXiv 1404.0887astro-ph.CO
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z~20处天均λ21 cm信号测量中的前景模型和天线定标误差

Foreground Model and Antenna Calibration Errors in the Measurement of the Sky-Averaged λ21 cm Signal at z~20

G. Bernardi, M. McQuinn, L. J. Greenhill

摘要:

宇宙暗时代在广泛再电离(z~15-200)之前最有希望的近期观测是星系际介质中氢产生的天空平均λ21 cm背景。虽然单个天线原则上可以检测到线特征,但数据分析必须分离比λ21 cm背景亮几个数量级的前景(但预计随着频率单调逐渐变化)。使用更多的物理动机模型的前景比以前的研究中,我们表明,固有的“频谱平滑度”的前景可能不是一个问题,和数据分析的理想天线应该能够检测到λ21厘米信号后,去投影一个~ 5阶多项式的log(ν)。然而,我们发现,前景信号被损坏的频率相关的响应的一个真正的天线。频率依赖性使通常基于谱平滑假设的前景建模复杂化。我们的大部分研究集中在大孔径实验,以检测黑暗时代(LEDA),它结合了辐射测量和干涉测量。我们表明,在将天线增益模式拟合到干涉测量后,剩余的统计不确定性不会影响在将7阶多项式拟合到辐射测量数据后,对一系列宇宙学模型的λ21 cm信号的提取。我们的结果推广到大多数努力来测量天空平均光谱。

英文摘要:

The most promising near-term observable of the cosmic dark age prior to widespread reionization (z~15-200) is the sky-averaged λ21 cm background arising from hydrogen in the intergalactic medium. Though an individual antenna could in principle detect the line signature, data analysis must separate foregrounds that are orders of magnitude brighter than the λ21 cm background (but that are anticipated to vary monotonically and gradually with frequency). Using more physically motivated models for foregrounds than in previous studies, we show that the intrinsic "spectral smoothness" of the foregrounds is likely not a concern, and that data analysis for an ideal antenna should be able to detect the λ21 cm signal after deprojecting a ~5th order polynomial in log(ν). However, we find that the foreground signal is corrupted by the frequency-dependent response of a real antenna. The frequency dependence complicates modeling of foregrounds commonly based on the assumption of spectral smoothness. Much of our study focuses on the Large-aperture Experiment to detect the Dark Age (LEDA), which combines both radiometric and interferometric measurements. We show that statistical uncertainty remaining after fitting antenna gain patterns to interferometric measurements does not compromise extraction of the λ21 cm signal for a range of cosmological models after fitting a 7th order polynomial to radiometric data. Our results generalize to most efforts to measure the sky-averaged spectrum.

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