柏拉图洞穴中的量子计算
Quantum Computing in Plato's Cave
摘要：
我们表明，仅仅观察一个量子系统就可以把它的动力学从一个非常简单的动力学变成一个通用的量子计算。如果系统在短时间间隔内定期观察，就会发生这种效果，可以重新表述为柏拉图洞穴寓言的现代版本。更确切地说，在神话的原始版本中，洞穴中的现实是由一些更基本的动力学的投影来描述的，这些动力学本质上更复杂，我们发现，在量子世界中，随着“投影”的出现，通过测量序列感知的现实可能比产生它的现实更复杂。在讨论了例子之后，我们继续说明，这种效应通常是可以预期的：一旦如上所述“观察到”，几乎任何量子动力学都会变得普遍。相反，我们表明，任何复杂的量子动力学可以“纯化”成一个更简单的在更大的维度。
英文摘要：
We show that mere observation of a quantum system can turn its dynamics from a very simple one into a universal quantum computation. This effect, which occurs if the system is regularly observed at short time intervals, can be rephrased as a modern version of Plato's Cave allegory. More precisely, while in the original version of the myth, the reality perceived within the Cave is described by the projected shadows of some more fundamental dynamics which is intrinsically more complex, we found that in the quantum world the situation changes drastically as the "projected" reality perceived through sequences of measurements can be more complex than the one that originated it. After discussing examples we go on to show that this effect is generally to be expected: almost any quantum dynamics will become universal once "observed" as outlined above. Conversely, we show that any complex quantum dynamics can be "purified" into a simpler one in larger dimensions.
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