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arXiv 1403.0908astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COgr-qc
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高红移星系的早期形成

The Premature Formation of High Redshift Galaxies

Fulvio Melia

摘要:

哈勃空间望远镜上的WFC 3/IR观测和引力透镜技术的使用促进了早在z ~ 10-12的星系的发现,这是一个真正了不起的成就。然而,这种高z星系的快速出现,在从第三星族恒星形成过渡到第二星族之后才大约2亿年,似乎与早期宇宙如何演化的标准观点相冲突。这个问题与更广为人知的z ~ 6处的超大质量黑洞的过早出现有很多共同之处。我们很难理解,在大爆炸之后,如果没有非标准的吸积物理学和大质量种子的形成,大约10^9个太阳质量的黑洞怎么可能如此迅速地出现,而这两种现象在本机宇宙中都没有看到。在早期的工作中,我们表明,高z类星体的出现可以在R_h=ct宇宙的背景下更合理地理解,它不像LCDM那样在早期遭受时间压缩问题。在这里,我们在这项工作的基础上,通过证明原始星系的演化增长与目前关于第一批恒星如何形成的观点是一致的,但只与R_h=ct宇宙学提供的时间轴一致。我们还表明,高Z类星体的生长与最早的星系的生长是相互一致的,尽管目前还不清楚前者是从第三星族或第二星族超新星爆炸中产生的5-20个太阳质量的种子中生长出来的。

英文摘要:

Observations with WFC3/IR on the Hubble Space Telescope and the use of gravitational lensing techniques have facilitated the discovery of galaxies as far back as z ~ 10-12, a truly remarkable achievement. However, this rapid emergence of high-z galaxies, barely ~ 200 Myr after the transition from Population III star formation to Population II, appears to be in conflict with the standard view of how the early Universe evolved. This problem has much in common with the better known (and probably related) premature appearance of supermassive black holes at z ~ 6. It is difficult to understand how ~ 10^9 solar-mass black holes could have appeared so quickly after the big bang without invoking non-standard accretion physics and the formation of massive seeds, neither of which is seen in the local Universe. In earlier work, we showed that the appearance of high-z quasars could instead be understood more reasonably in the context of the R_h=ct Universe, which does not suffer from the same time compression issues as LCDM does at early epochs. Here, we build on that work by demonstrating that the evolutionary growth of primordial galaxies was consistent with the current view of how the first stars formed, but only with the timeline afforded by the R_h=ct cosmology. We also show that the growth of high-z quasars was mutually consistent with that of the earliest galaxies, though it is not yet clear whether the former grew from 5-20 solar-mass seeds created in Population III or Population II supernova explosions.

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