涡旋气体模式和自相似性对龙卷风发生和维持的可能意义
Possible Implications of a Vortex Gas Model and Self-Similarity for Tornadogenesis and Maintenance
摘要：
我们用Chorin（1994）提出的三维涡旋气体模型描述了龙卷风的发生和维持，Flandoli和Gubinelli（2002）进一步发展了该模型。我们认为，Fiedler和Rotunno（1986）研究过的Benjamin（1962）意义上的高能超临界涡旋，具有Onsager（1949）意义上的负温度，在模型中起着重要作用。我们推测高温涡旋的形成与它们形成或倾斜到垂直方向时所继承的螺旋度以及它们与表面和边界层的相互作用有关。我们还利用自相似性的概念来证明Cai（2005）; Wurman and Gill（2000）; Wurman and Alexander（2005）中提出的从弱龙卷风和强龙卷风的观测中得出的幂律。分析布赖恩云模型（CM 1）模拟的龙卷风超级单体揭示了与观测研究一致的缩放。
英文摘要：
We describe tornadogenesis and maintenance using the 3-dimensional vortex gas model presented in Chorin (1994) and developed further in Flandoli and Gubinelli (2002). We suggest that high-energy, super-critical vortices in the sense of Benjamin (1962), that have been studied by Fiedler and Rotunno (1986), have negative temperature in the sense of Onsager (1949) play an important role in the model. We speculate that the formation of high-temperature vortices is related to the helicity inherited as they form or tilt into the vertical and their interaction with the surface and boundary layer. We also exploit the notion of self-similarity to justify power laws derived from observations of weak and strong tornadoes presented in Cai (2005); Wurman and Gill (2000); Wurman and Alexander (2005). Analysis of a Bryan Cloud Model (CM1) simulation of a tornadic supercell reveals scaling consistent with the observational studies.
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