用于星载重力测量的漂移模式加速度计
Drift mode accelerometry for spaceborne gravity measurements
摘要：
漂移模式加速度计是一种精密器件，它克服了传统静电加速度计的加速度噪声和读出动态范围限制。它有可能在有限的频带上实现无阻力系统的加速噪声性能，而无需外部无阻力控制或航天器推进。与传统的加速度计一样，漂移模式加速度计包含一个由电极外壳包围的高密度测试质量，可以控制和感测测试质量的所有六个自由度。与传统的加速度计不同，悬架系统以低占空比操作，使得限制悬架力噪声仅在短暂的已知时间间隔内起作用，这在数据分析中可以忽略。使用激光干涉仪进行读出，该激光干涉仪不受通常用于确定静电加速度计的惯性加速度的最佳电压基准的动态范围限制的影响。漂移模式加速度计与LISA Pathfinder航天器的同名操作模式有关，该模式将用于估计与LISA Pathfinder前端电子设备相关的加速度噪声。本文介绍了这样一个设备的操作，开发模型，其性能方面的卫星大地测量和引力波天体物理学的应用，并讨论了测试其性能的方法，在实验室中使用扭摆和空间的LISA探路者任务。
英文摘要：
A drift mode accelerometer is a precision device that overcomes the much of the acceleration noise and readout dynamic range limitations of traditional electrostatic accelerometers. It has the potential of achieving acceleration noise performance of drag-free systems over a restricted frequency band without the need for external drag-free control or spacecraft propulsion. Like traditional accelerometers, the drift mode accelerometer contains a high-density test mass surrounded by an electrode housing, which can control and sense all six degrees of freedom of the test mass. Unlike traditional accelerometers, the suspension system is operated with a low duty cycle so that the limiting suspension force noise only acts over brief, known time intervals, which can be neglected in the data analysis. The readout is performed using a laser interferometer which is immune to the dynamic range limitations of even the best voltage references typically used to determine the inertial acceleration of electrostatic accelerometers. The drift mode accelerometer is related to the like-named operational mode of the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft, which will be used to estimate the acceleration noise associated with the LISA Pathfinder front end electronics. This paper describes operation of such a device, develops models for its performance with respect to satellite geodesy and gravitational wave astrophysics applications, and discusses methods for testing its performance using torsion pendula in the laboratory and the LISA Pathfinder mission in space.
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