孤立半影：淹没水平字段
Orphan penumbrae: Submerging horizontal fields
摘要：
我们研究了孤儿半影的性质，这是在活动区附近的极性反转线，类似于规则的太阳黑子的半影，但不连接到任何本影的光球附属结构。我们使用太阳光学望远镜的日出数据来确定孤儿半影的属性。光谱偏振数据被用来获得矢量磁场和视线速度在光球。地磁图被用来研究这些结构的整体演化，G波段和Ca II H滤波图被用来研究它们的亮度和视水平运动。在具有水平磁场的地方，在极性相反的区域之间形成孤立的半影。它们的磁结构是$Ω$形的磁通绳。在这里研究的两种情况下，相反极性的区域随着时间的推移彼此接近，整个结构随着半影丝的消失而淹没。孤立半影与规则半影非常相似，包括强气流的存在。因此，它们可能有相似的起源。它们之间的主要区别是在孤儿半影中没有“背景”磁场。这可以解释大多数观察到的差异。我们在孤立半影中检测到的快速流动可能是由虹吸流动机制引起的。基于孤儿和规则半影之间的相似性，我们提出，Evershed流也是虹吸流的表现。
英文摘要：
We investigate the properties of orphan penumbrae, which are photospheric filamentary structures observed in active regions near polarity inversion lines that resemble the penumbra of regular sunspots but are not connected to any umbra. We use Hinode data from the Solar Optical Telescope to determine the properties of orphan penumbrae. Spectropolarimetric data are employed to obtain the vector magnetic field and line-of-sight velocities in the photosphere. Magnetograms are used to study the overall evolution of these structures, and G-band and Ca II H filtergrams are to investigate their brightness and apparent horizontal motions. Orphan penumbrae form between regions of opposite polarity in places with horizontal magnetic fields. Their magnetic configuration is that of $Ω$-shaped flux ropes. In the two cases studied here, the opposite-polarity regions approach each other with time and the whole structure submerges as the penumbral filaments disappear. Orphan penumbrae are very similar to regular penumbrae, including the existence of strong gas flows. Therefore, they could have a similar origin. The main difference between them is the absence of a "background" magnetic field in orphan penumbrae. This could explain most of the observed differences. The fast flows we detect in orphan penumbrae may be caused by the siphon flow mechanism. Based on the similarities between orphan and regular penumbrae, we propose that the Evershed flow is also a manifestation of siphon flows.
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