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arXiv 1402.6557astro-ph.SR
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平均场发电机:旧概念和一些最近的发展

Mean-field dynamos: the old concept and some recent developments

K. -H. Rädler

摘要:

本文转载了卡尔·史瓦西2013年的演讲。解释了电磁运动导电流体中平均场的电动力学和磁流体力学的一些基本思想。需要强调的是,平均电动势与平均磁场及其一阶空间导数之间的联系一般来说既不是局部的,也不是瞬时的,而且相当多的关于平均场概念的假定失效的主张都是由于忽略了这一方面而产生的。除了平均场发电机机制的$α^2$和$α$ $Ω$型几个其他的考虑。平均场电动力学和磁流体力学的许多进展都是由计算确定平均电动势与平均磁场之间关系的系数的试验场方法引起的。作为一个重要的例子,解释了均匀各向同性湍流中的记忆效应。在磁流体动力学湍流中,可能存在一种与平均磁场无关的平均电动势,称为吉泽效应。尽管做了许多努力,但迄今为止还没有令人信服的关于$α$淬灭的全面理论,即随着平均磁场的增大,$α$效应的减小,以及平均场发电机的饱和。对这样一个理论的步骤进行了解释。最后,对发电机的实验室试验作了一些评论。

英文摘要:

This article reproduces the Karl Schwarzschild lecture 2013. Some of the basic ideas of electrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics of mean fields in turbulently moving conducting fluids are explained. It is stressed that the connection of the mean electromotive force with the mean magnetic field and its first spatial derivatives is in general neither local nor instantaneous and that quite a few claims concerning pretended failures of the mean-field concept result from ignoring this aspect. In addition to the mean-field dynamo mechanisms of $α^2$ and $α$ $Ω$ type several others are considered. Much progress in mean-field electrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics results from the test-field method for calculating the coefficients that determine the connection of the mean electromotive force with the mean magnetic field. As an important example the memory effect in homogeneous isotropic turbulence is explained. In magnetohydrodynamic turbulence there is the possibility of a mean electromotive force that is primarily independent of the mean magnetic field and labeled as Yoshizawa effect. Despite of many efforts there is so far no convincing comprehensive theory of $α$ quenching, that is, the reduction of the $α$ effect with growing mean magnetic field, and of the saturation of mean-field dynamos. Steps toward such a theory are explained. Finally, some remarks on laboratory experiments with dynamos are made.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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