从“公平抽样”的角度看对二元性的明显违反
A "fair sampling" perspective on an apparent violation of duality
摘要：
如果一个量子力学粒子可以沿着两条可能的路径从一个初始状态过渡到一个最终状态，对偶性原理指出“禁止同时观察波和粒子的行为”。[M. O.史考利，B。G. Englert和H.瓦尔特Nature，351：111-116，1991.]强调在互补性方面增加自由度的重要性。在本文中，我们将展示如何的后果，二元性的变化时，允许有偏的采样，也就是说，后选择的测量特定程度的自由度的环境中的两个路径状态。我们的工作有助于解释以前的实验明显违反对偶性[R。Menzel，D. Puhlmann，A. Heuer和W. P.施莱希。Proc. Natl. Acad.科学，109（24）：9314-9319，2012.]并为二元性的新实验测试开辟了道路。
英文摘要：
In the event in which a quantum mechanical particle can pass from an initial state to a final state along two possible paths, the duality principle states that "the simultaneous observation of wave and particle behavior is prohibited". [M. O. Scully, B.-G. Englert, and H. Walther. Nature, 351:111-116, 1991.] emphasized the importance of additional degrees of freedom in the context of complementarity. In this paper, we show how the consequences of duality change when allowing for biased sampling, that is, postselected measurements on specific degrees of freedom of the environment of the two-path state. Our work contributes to the explanation of previous experimental apparent violations of duality [R. Menzel, D. Puhlmann, A. Heuer, and W. P. Schleich. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 109(24):9314-9319, 2012.] and opens up the way for novel experimental tests of duality.
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