类星体在z>5时的光谱能量分布：普通活动星系核加热的尘埃和偶尔的强恒星形成
Spectral Energy Distributions of QSOs at z>5: common AGN-heated dust and occasionally strong star-formation
摘要：
我们给出了69个类星体在z>5时的光谱能量分布（SED），覆盖了0.1 μ到~ 80 μ的静止坐标系波长范围，并以Spitzer和Herschel的新观测为中心。Spitzer对类星体的探测率非常高（在λ_rest ~<4 mu时为97%），但在PACS（静止帧中红外）和SPIRE（静止帧远红外; FIR）中对Herschel带的探测率分别为30%和15%。我们执行多分量SED适合赫歇尔检测到的对象，并确认，以匹配所观察到的SED，cluquittorus模型需要补充一个热（~ 1300 K）组件，并在突出的FIR发射的情况下，也由一个冷（~ 50 K）组件。在远红外区探测到的例子中，冷分量的光度在10^13 L_sun的数量级，可能是由恒星形成加热的。从SED拟合，我们还确定了活动星系核的尘埃，吸积盘光度比下降与紫外/光学光度。在我们的样本中，来自热尘埃（~ 1300 K）的辐射很常见，这表明核尘埃在红移6的发光类星体中无处不在。然而，大约15%的物体在近红外线下的亮度低于它们的光学发射，似乎缺乏（但不是没有）热尘埃。在我们的完整样本中，Herschel探测到的类星体在L_UV/opt和L_NIR的高光度端，在H_alpha和Ly_alpha显示出低的等效宽度（EW）。由Spitzer测光确定的H_α EW分布中，高红移类星体与低红移活动星系核的差别不大。
英文摘要：
We present spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 69 QSOs at z>5, covering a rest frame wavelength range of 0.1mu to ~80mu, and centered on new Spitzer and Herschel observations. The detection rate of the QSOs with Spitzer is very high (97% at lambda_rest ~< 4mu), but drops towards the Herschel bands with 30% detected in PACS (rest frame mid-infrared) and 15% additionally in the SPIRE (rest frame far-infrared; FIR). We perform multi-component SED fits for Herschel-detected objects and confirm that to match the observed SEDs, a clumpy torus model needs to be complemented by a hot (~1300K) component and, in cases with prominent FIR emission, also by a cold (~50K) component. In the FIR detected cases the luminosity of the cold component is on the order of 10^13 L_sun which is likely heated by star formation. From the SED fits we also determine that the AGN dust-to-accretion disk luminosity ratio declines with UV/optical luminosity. Emission from hot (~1300K) dust is common in our sample, showing that nuclear dust is ubiquitous in luminous QSOs out to redshift 6. However, about 15% of the objects appear under-luminous in the near infrared compared to their optical emission and seem to be deficient in (but not devoid of) hot dust. Within our full sample, the QSOs detected with Herschel are found at the high luminosity end in L_UV/opt and L_NIR and show low equivalent widths (EWs) in H_alpha and in Ly_alpha. In the distribution of H_alpha EWs, as determined from the Spitzer photometry, the high-redshift QSOs show little difference to low redshift AGN.
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