反馈控制作为理解生物学权衡的框架
Feedback Control as a Framework for Understanding Tradeoffs in Biology
摘要：
控制理论的产生是为了控制合成系统。从调节蒸汽机到调谐收音机，再到能够自主运动的设备，它为理解反馈在动力系统稳定性（或变化）中的作用提供了正式的数学基础。它提供了一个框架，以了解任何系统的反馈调节，包括生物的，如调节基因网络，细胞代谢系统，运动动物的感觉动力学，甚至生态或演化动力学的生物体和种群。在这里，我们专注于四个案例研究的感觉动力学的动物，其中每一个都涉及到应用控制理论的原则，探测稳定性和反馈在一个有机体的扰动反应。我们使用的例子从水生（电鱼站保持和干扰避免），陆地（蟑螂墙以下）和空中环境（飞行控制蛾），以突出如何使用控制理论来理解反馈机制如何与动物的物理动力学相互作用，以确定其稳定性和响应感官输入和扰动。每个案例研究都被视为一个控制问题，包括感觉输入、神经处理和运动动力学，其输出反馈到感觉输入。总的来说，这些系统在闭环中的相互作用决定了整个系统的行为。
英文摘要：
Control theory arose from a need to control synthetic systems. From regulating steam engines to tuning radios to devices capable of autonomous movement, it provided a formal mathematical basis for understanding the role of feedback in the stability (or change) of dynamical systems. It provides a framework for understanding any system with feedback regulation, including biological ones such as regulatory gene networks, cellular metabolic systems, sensorimotor dynamics of moving animals, and even ecological or evolutionary dynamics of organisms and populations. Here we focus on four case studies of the sensorimotor dynamics of animals, each of which involves the application of principles from control theory to probe stability and feedback in an organism's response to perturbations. We use examples from aquatic (electric fish station keeping and jamming avoidance), terrestrial (cockroach wall following) and aerial environments (flight control in moths) to highlight how one can use control theory to understand how feedback mechanisms interact with the physical dynamics of animals to determine their stability and response to sensory inputs and perturbations. Each case study is cast as a control problem with sensory input, neural processing, and motor dynamics, the output of which feeds back to the sensory inputs. Collectively, the interaction of these systems in a closed loop determines the behavior of the entire system.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
