青春期中子星的地震学：解释热效应和地壳弹性
Seismology of adolescent neutron stars: Accounting for thermal effects and crust elasticity
摘要：
我们研究相对论恒星的振荡，结合与内部成分，热梯度和地壳弹性相关的关键物理。我们的目标是开发一种形式主义，这是能够占国家的最先进的理解与这些系统相关的复杂的物理。作为第一步，我们使用现代状态方程建立模型，包括与内部相变相关的成分梯度和密度不连续性（如壳核过渡和μ子首次出现在核心的点）。为了了解振荡谱的性质，我们进行了冷却模拟，以提供恒星在青春期演化时内部温度分布的真实快照。相关的热压力被纳入微扰分析，我们讨论了存在的$g$模式产生的热效应的结果。我们还考虑了由于相变和恒星地壳的逐渐形成以及一组剪切模式的出现而产生的界面模式。
英文摘要：
We study the oscillations of relativistic stars, incorporating key physics associated with internal composition, thermal gradients and crust elasticity. Our aim is to develop a formalism which is able to account for the state-of-the-art understanding of the complex physics associated with these systems. As a first step, we build models using a modern equation of state including composition gradients and density discontinuities associated with internal phase-transitions (like the crust-core transition and the point where muons first appear in the core). In order to understand the nature of the oscillation spectrum, we carry out cooling simulations to provide realistic snapshots of the temperature distribution in the interior as the star evolves through adolescence. The associated thermal pressure is incorporated in the perturbation analysis, and we discuss the presence of $g$-modes arising as a result of thermal effects. We also consider interface modes due to phase-transitions and the gradual formation of the star's crust and the emergence of a set of shear modes.
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