中等质量恒星中强和超弱磁场的二分法
The dichotomy between strong and ultra-weak magnetic fields among intermediate-mass stars
摘要：
直到最近，中等质量主序星表面磁场的探测一直局限于Ap/Bp星，这是一类化学性质特殊的恒星。这类恒星不超过这个质量范围内恒星的5-10%。这一小部分不能用化石场范式来解释，化石场范式将Ap/Bp型磁性描述为恒星生命早期阶段的残余。此外，磁场测量仅限于一小部分特殊的恒星，这显然是研究磁场对典型中等质量恒星的恒星演化影响的一个问题。由于新一代分光偏振计灵敏度的提高，Ap/Bp星磁场的下限、纵向磁场中两个数量级的沙漠以及首次在织女星上发现的新型亚高斯磁性已被确定。这些进展为理解中等质量磁性的起源及其对恒星演化的影响提供了新的线索。特别是，已经提出了一种方案，即磁Ap/Bp和织女星的磁性之间的二分法起源于稳定和不稳定的大尺度磁配置之间的分歧，在差分旋转的恒星。在本文中，我们回顾了这些最近的观察结果，并讨论了这种情况。
英文摘要：
Until recently, the detection of magnetic fields at the surface of intermediate-mass main-sequence stars has been limited to Ap/Bp stars, a class of chemically peculiar stars. This class represents no more than 5-10% of the stars in this mass range. This small fraction is not explained by the fossil field paradigm that describes the Ap/Bp type magnetism as a remnant of an early phase of the star-life. Also, the limitation of the field measurements to a small and special group of stars is obviously a problem to study the effect of the magnetic fields on the stellar evolution of a typical intermediate-mass star. Thanks to the improved sensitivity of a new generation of spectropolarimeters, a lower bound to the magnetic fields of Ap/Bp stars, a two orders of magnitude desert in the longitudinal magnetic field and a new type of sub-gauss magnetism first discovered on Vega have been identified. These advances provide new clues to understand the origin of intermediate-mass magnetism as well as its influence on stellar evolution. In particular, a scenario has been proposed whereby the magnetic dichotomy between Ap/Bp and Vega-like magnetism originate from the bifurcation between stable and unstable large scale magnetic configurations in differentially rotating stars. In this paper, we review these recent observational findings and discuss this scenario.
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