通过时间分辨相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射观察单个分子的振动呼吸
Seeing the vibrational breathing of a single molecule through time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
摘要：
分子内化学键的运动可以通过超快非线性光谱学以振动波包的形式被实时观察到。这种非线性光学测量通常在大的分子系综上进行，并且因此被限制到可以保持系综相干性的程度。在这里，我们描述振动波包运动的单分子，通过时间分辨，表面增强，相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射记录。在环境条件下，通过为分子配备偶极纳米天线（金哑铃）来实现检测单个分子运动所需的灵敏度。与系综中的测量相反，单个分子上的振动相干性不会退相。它产生具有特征统计的相位波动。我们提出了离散采样的统计状态的时间演化，并突出了独特的信息内容的特征，早期的信号概率分布函数。
英文摘要：
The motion of chemical bonds within molecules can be observed in real time, in the form of vibrational wavepackets prepared and interrogated through ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy. Such nonlinear optical measurements are commonly performed on large ensembles of molecules, and as such, are limited to the extent that ensemble coherence can be maintained. Here, we describe vibrational wavepacket motion on single molecules, recorded through time-resolved, surface-enhanced, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. The required sensitivity to detect the motion of a single molecule, under ambient conditions, is achieved by equipping the molecule with a dipolar nano-antenna (a gold dumbbell). In contrast with measurements in ensembles, the vibrational coherence on a single molecule does not dephase. It develops phase fluctuations with characteristic statistics. We present the time evolution of discretely sampled statistical states, and highlight the unique information content in the characteristic, early-time probability distribution function of the signal.
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