近临界密度纳米结构材料实现的相对论等离子体光学
Relativistic plasma optics enabled by near-critical density nanostructured material
摘要：
等离子体的非线性光学性质，由于相对论电子运动在强激光场中是目前的研究和产生明亮的激光驱动的粒子和光子源1 -15的根本重要性。然而，最有趣的机制之一，即激光频率与等离子体共振，仍然很难在实验上获得。我们克服了这一限制，利用碳纳米管泡沫16（CNF）的目标，允许在近临界密度（NCD）的强相对论非线性首次被利用。我们报告的实验实现相对论等离子体光学时空压缩的激光脉冲在几微米的传播，同时保持约一半的能量。我们还应用增强的激光脉冲，以大大提高从第二目标加速的离子束的属性。我们的研究结果提供了第一次深入了解NCD等离子体的丰富物理学和等待收获的应用机会。
英文摘要：
The nonlinear optical properties of a plasma due to the relativistic electron motion in an intense laser field are of fundamental importance for current research and the generation of brilliant laser-driven sources of particles and photons1-15. Yet, one of the most interesting regimes, where the frequency of the laser becomes resonant with the plasma, has remained experimentally hard to access. We overcome this limitation by utilizing ultrathin carbon nanotube foam16 (CNF) targets allowing the strong relativistic nonlinearities at near- critical density (NCD) to be exploited for the first time. We report on the experimental realization of relativistic plasma optics to spatio-temporally compress the laser pulse within a few micrometers of propagation, while maintaining about half its energy. We also apply the enhanced laser pulses to substantially improve the properties of an ion bunch accelerated from a secondary target. Our results provide first insights into the rich physics of NCD plasmas and the opportunities waiting to be harvested for applications.
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