原子三光栅Mach-Zehnder干涉的全量子力学分析
Full quantum mechanical analysis of atomic three-grating Mach-Zehnder interferometry
摘要：
原子三光栅马赫-曾德尔干涉术是研究量子理论基本问题的重要工具。然而，有一个显着的差距，在文献之间的过度简化的模型和强大的数值模拟被认为是描述相应的实验。因此，前者通常导致悖论的情况下，如波粒双重行为的原子，而后者使困难的数据分析在简单的条款。在这里，这些问题是通过一个简单的光栅工作模型组成的均匀间隔的高斯狭缝来解决。如图所示，这个模型足以探索和解释这样的实验分析和数值，给出了一个很好的帐户内的干涉仪的完整的原子旅程，从而有助于使神秘的物理参与。更具体地说，它提供了干涉仪内部发生的波前分裂的清晰和明确的图像，说明了即使波函数本身仍然显示出相当复杂的形状，沿着每个出现的衍射阶的动量是如何被很好地定义的。为此，在这种情况下，当地的横向动量也被引入作为一个可靠的分析工具。分裂除了是理解原子马赫-曾德尔干涉术的关键问题外，还在基本层面上展示了波和粒子方面如何始终存在于实验中，而不会引起任何矛盾或解释性悖论。另一方面，在实践层面上，提出的模型和方法的通用性和通用性，使它们适合于在方便的调整后以简单的方式攻击类似的问题。
英文摘要：
Atomic three-grating Mach-Zehnder interferometry constitutes an important tool to probe fundamental aspects of the quantum theory. There is, however, a remarkable gap in the literature between the oversimplified models and robust numerical simulations considered to describe the corresponding experiments. Consequently, the former usually lead to paradoxical scenarios, such as the wave-particle dual behavior of atoms, while the latter make difficult the data analysis in simple terms. Here these issues are tackled by means of a simple grating working model consisting of evenly-spaced Gaussian slits. As is shown, this model suffices to explore and explain such experiments both analytically and numerically, giving a good account of the full atomic journey inside the interferometer, and hence contributing to make less mystic the physics involved. More specifically, it provides a clear and unambiguous picture of the wavefront splitting that takes place inside the interferometer, illustrating how the momentum along each emerging diffraction order is well defined even though the wave function itself still displays a rather complex shape. To this end, the local transverse momentum is also introduced in this context as a reliable analytical tool. The splitting, apart from being a key issue to understand atomic Mach-Zehnder interferometry, also demonstrates at a fundamental level how wave and particle aspects are always present in the experiment, without incurring in any contradiction or interpretive paradox. On the other hand, at a practical level, the generality and versatility of the model and methodology presented, makes them suitable to attack analogous problems in a simple manner after a convenient tuning.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
