从棒到螺旋：螺旋状的螺旋相的证据
From rods to helices: evidence of a screw-like nematic phase
摘要：
一个特殊的手性双相的证据提供了使用数值模拟和昂萨格理论的硬螺旋粒子系统。当螺旋排列良好时，该相出现在螺旋相的高密度端，并且其特征在于螺旋的C $_2$对称轴围绕螺旋指向矢螺旋，周期性等于颗粒间距。平移和旋转自由度之间的这种耦合允许更有效的包装，因此增加了平移熵。通过引入合适的序参量和关联函数来识别螺旋相，研究了螺旋相的主要特征随螺旋粒子半径和螺距的变化规律。我们的研究强调了在胶体螺旋鞭毛中观察到的类似有序的物理机制[E. Barry等，\textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.} \textbf{96}，018305（2006）]，并提出了是否可以在足够高密度的其他螺旋颗粒系统（如DNA）中观察到的问题。
英文摘要：
Evidence of a special chiral nematic phase is provided using numerical simulation and Onsager theory for systems of hard helical particles. This phase appears at the high density end of the nematic phase, when helices are well aligned, and is characterized by the C$_2$ symmetry axes of the helices spiraling around the nematic director with periodicity equal to the particle pitch. This coupling between translational and rotational degrees of freedom allows a more efficient packing and hence an increase of translational entropy. Suitable order parameters and correlation functions are introduced to identify this screw-like phase, whose main features are then studied as a function of radius and pitch of the helical particles. Our study highlights the physical mechanism underlying a similar ordering observed in colloidal helical flagella [E. Barry et al. \textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.} \textbf{96}, 018305 (2006)] and raises the question of whether it could be observed in other helical particle systems, such as DNA, at sufficiently high densities.
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