为什么不仅是放电，甚至是高度敏感的爆炸物表面的最小电荷都可以催化它们逐渐放热分解，以及单极带电爆炸颗粒云如何变成球形闪电
Why not only electric discharge but even a minimum charge on the surface of highly sensitive explosives can catalyze their gradual exothermic decomposition and how a cloud of unipolar charged explosive particles turns into ball lightning
摘要：
即使是一个多余的电子或离子迁移到敏感炸药的表面，也能催化它们逐渐放热分解。高度敏感炸药的这种电荷诱导逐渐热分解的机制可能不同。如果敏感炸药是极性液体，则过量表面电荷与周围炸药分子之间的强烈电荷偶极吸引力可导致极性炸药分子反复尝试溶剂化这些电荷。这种不完全的非平衡溶剂化的每一次尝试都会导致热不稳定的极性分子的局部放热分解，伴随着进一步的热跳跃，将非溶剂化的多余电荷转移到新的表面位置。因此，带电炸药表面会出现电离的移动热点。炸药表面电离热点的随机迁移导致极性炸药整体逐渐放热分解。极性和非极性高灵敏度炸药的类似的逐渐电荷催化放热分解也可以由周围水蒸气分子的强烈电荷偶极攻击引起，这些水蒸气分子从周围潮湿的空气中静电吸引并强烈加速朝向炸药表面上的带电部位。在高灵敏度爆炸性气溶胶纳米颗粒的带电表面上随机迁移的电离热点的电子、光子和热的发射将这种颗粒转化为短路的电子纳米电池的形式。
英文摘要：
Even a single excess electron or ion migrating on the surface of sensitive explosives can catalyze their gradual exothermic decomposition. Mechanisms underlying such a charge-induced gradual thermal decomposition of highly sensitive explosives can be different. If sensitive explosive is a polar liquid, intense charge-dipole attraction between excess surface charges and surrounding explosive molecules can result in repetitive attempts of solvation of these charges by polar explosive molecules. Every attempt of such uncompleted nonequilibrium solvation causes local exothermic decomposition of thermolabile polar molecules accompanied by further thermal jumping unsolvated excess charges to new surface sites. Thus, ionized mobile hot spots emerge on charged explosive surface. Stochastic migration of ionized hot spots on explosive surface causes gradual exothermic decomposition of the whole mass of the polar explosive. The similar gradual charge-catalyzed exothermic decomposition of both polar and nonpolar highly sensitive explosives can be also caused by intense charge-dipole attacks of surrounding water vapor molecules electrostatically attracted from ambient humid air and strongly accelerated towards charged sites on explosive surfaces. Emission of electrons, photons and heat from ionized hot spots randomly migrating on charged surface of highly sensitive explosive aerosol nanoparticles converts such particles into the form of short-circuited thermionic nanobatteries.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
