ASTROID模拟器软件包：高精度高节奏天基成像的真实建模
The ASTROID Simulator Software Package: Realistic Modelling of High-Precision High-Cadence Space-Based Imaging
摘要：
为准备进行任何类型的成像以探测其目标的高精度低幅度可变性的空间飞行任务，需要对其仪器的预期性能建立一个可靠的模型。由于各种噪声源之间的复杂相互作用，该模型不能从简单的噪声特性相加导出。虽然在地面上建立和测试成像设备的原型是不可行的，但可以使用端到端模拟器形式的真实数值模拟来模拟观测中的噪声传播。这些模拟不仅可以研究仪器的性能、噪声源响应和数据质量，还可以对不同类型的配置、观测策略和观测建议的科学可行性进行仪器设计验证。这样，就可以对特派团的预期目标作出完整的说明和评估。我们提出了一个高精度的仿真软件包，旨在模拟光度的CCD图像的时间序列，包括现实的CCD及其电子模型，望远镜的光学，恒星场，抖动运动的航天器，和所有重要的自然噪声源。这种形式主义已经在一个软件工具中实现，称为ASTROID模拟器。
英文摘要：
The preparation of a space-mission that carries out any kind of imaging to detect high-precision low-amplitude variability of its targets requires a robust model for the expected performance of its instruments. This model cannot be derived from simple addition of noise properties due to the complex interaction between the various noise sources. While it is not feasible to build and test a prototype of the imaging device on-ground, realistic numerical simulations in the form of an end-to-end simulator can be used to model the noise propagation in the observations. These simulations not only allow studying the performance of the instrument, its noise source response and its data quality, but also the instrument design verification for different types of configurations, the observing strategy and the scientific feasibility of an observing proposal. In this way, a complete description and assessment of the objectives to expect from the mission can be derived. We present a high-precision simulation software package, designed to simulate photometric time-series of CCD images by including realistic models of the CCD and its electronics, the telescope optics, the stellar field, the jitter movements of the spacecraft, and all important natural noise sources. This formalism has been implemented in a software tool, dubbed ASTROID Simulator.
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