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arXiv 1402.2380astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HE
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$γ$射线毫秒脉冲星PSR J0218 +4232自行和视差的甚长基线干涉测量

Very Long Baseline Interferometry Measured Proper Motion and Parallax of the $γ$-ray Millisecond Pulsar PSR J0218+4232

Yuanjie Du, Jun Yang, Robert M. Campbell, Gemma Janssen, Ben Stappers, Ding Chen

摘要:

PSR J 0218 $+$ 4232是一颗毫秒脉冲星(MSP),在1.4 GHz时的通量密度为$\sim$ 0.9 mJy。它在高能X射线和$γ$射线域中非常明亮。我们进行了一个天体测量计划,使用欧洲VLBI网络(EVN)在1.6 GHz的测量其自行和视差。一个与模型无关的距离也将有助于限制它的$γ$射线光度。在所有五个历元中,我们都获得了信噪比S/N > 37的弱脉冲星探测。利用距离脉冲星20弧分的河外射电源,我们估计脉冲星的自行为$μ_α\cosδ=5.35\pm0.05$ mas yr $^{-1}$和$μ_δ=-3.74\pm 0.12$ mas yr $^{-1}$,视差为$π=0.16\pm0.09$ mas。甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)的自行显著改善了脉冲星定时的长期观测估计。VLBI视差提供了第一个与模型无关的距离约束:$d=6.3^{+8.0}_{-2.3}$ kpc,相应的$3σ$下限为$d=2.3$ kpc。这是第一个完全基于EVN观测的脉冲星三角视差测量。利用导出的距离,我们相信PSR J 0218 $+$ 4232是迄今为止已知的能量最高的$γ$射线MSP。即使是基于我们的3 $σ$下限距离的光度也足够高,足以对传统的外隙和缝隙模型提出挑战。

英文摘要:

PSR J0218$+$4232 is a millisecond pulsar (MSP) with a flux density $\sim$ 0.9 mJy at 1.4 GHz. It is very bright in the high-energy X-ray and $γ$-ray domains. We conducted an astrometric program using the European VLBI Network (EVN) at 1.6 GHz to measure its proper motion and parallax. A model-independent distance would also help constrain its $γ$-ray luminosity. We achieved a detection of signal-to-noise ratio S/N > 37 for the weak pulsar in all five epochs. Using an extragalactic radio source lying 20 arcmin away from the pulsar, we estimate the pulsar's proper motion to be $μ_α\cosδ=5.35\pm0.05$ mas yr$^{-1}$ and $μ_δ=-3.74\pm 0.12$ mas yr$^{-1}$, and a parallax of $π=0.16\pm0.09$ mas. The very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) proper motion has significantly improved upon the estimates from long-term pulsar timing observations. The VLBI parallax provides the first model-independent distance constraints: $d=6.3^{+8.0}_{-2.3}$ kpc, with a corresponding $3σ$ lower-limit of $d=2.3$ kpc. This is the first pulsar trigonometric parallax measurement based solely on EVN observations. Using the derived distance, we believe that PSR J0218$+$4232 is the most energetic $γ$-ray MSP known to date. The luminosity based on even our 3$σ$ lower-limit distance is high enough to pose challenges to the conventional outer gap and slot gap models.

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