长期储存废物的保护和标记的新概念及其在现有标记技术范围内的地位
A new concept for safeguarding and labeling of long-term stored waste and its place in the scope of existing tagging techniques
摘要：
提出了一种新的标签方法的想法，为废物桶、铜罐、乏燃料容器、汞容器、废物包装和其他物品的长期安全识别、库存跟踪、防止伪造和盗窃提供了一种新的方式。建议的概念是基于使用具有不同可预测半衰期的放射性同位素的独特组合。作为将放射性同位素标记应用于乏燃料保障的一种选择，建议使用α发射同位素的混合物，如241 Am等，材料容易发生α诱导反应，发射特定的γ线。因此，可以解决现有的处理含有放射性同位素的烟雾探测器或其他装置的问题，间接解决现有的废物问题。第一个试点实验的结果与两个一般设计的存储罐，即一个钢容器，对应于一个通常用于长期储存的汞在欧洲和美国和一个铜罐，这是在核处置库的应用，提出。作为一种新的标签方法的选择之一，建议使用多维条形码符号和钨板与超声技术。它表明，新的放射性同位素标签提供了几个优点，在现有的标记技术（概述）的范围内，甚至可以实现低活性源。
英文摘要：
The idea of a novel labeling method is suggested for a new way of long-term security identification, inventory tracking, prevention of falsification and theft of waste casks, copper canisters, spent fuel containers, mercury containers, waste packages and other items. The suggested concept is based on the use of a unique combination of radioisotopes with different predictable half life. As an option for applying the radioisotope tag to spent fuel safeguarding it is suggested to use a mixture of α-emitting isotopes, such as 241Am etc., with materials that easily undergo α-induced reactions with emission of specific γ-lines. Thus, the existing problem of the disposing of smoke detectors or other devices [1] which contain radioisotopes can be addressed, indirectly solving an existing waste problem. The results of the first pilot experiments with two general designs of storage canisters, namely a steel container which corresponds to the one which is commonly used for long-term storing of mercury in Europe and USA and a copper canister, the one which is in applications for nuclear repositories, are presented. As one of the options for a new labeling method it is proposed to use a multidimensional bar code symbology and tungsten plate with ultrasound techniques. It is shown that the new radioisotope label offers several advantages in the scope of existing tagging techniques (overview is given) and can be implemented even with low activity sources.
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