伽玛暴的UHE中微子和cosmic ray发射：修正模型和澄清cosmic ray -中微子的联系
UHE neutrino and cosmic ray emission from GRBs: revising the models and clarifying the cosmic ray-neutrino connection
摘要：
伽马射线暴（GRB）一直被认为是最有希望的超高能中微子源之一。伽玛射线暴发射的内激波模型假定，当相对论膨胀的物质壳层与重子碰撞时，通过源光子和磁约束的高能质子之间的光强相互作用，UHE宇宙射线（UHECR，高于10^8 GeV）、光子和中微子会联合产生。虽然中微子观测IceCube现在已经排除了最简单的版本的内部冲击模型，我们表明，修订后的计算的排放，连同考虑完整的光强子截面和其他粒子物理效应，结果在一个预测的提示伽玛射线暴中微子通量仍然是一个数量级低于目前的上限，最近举例说明的结果从ANTARES。此外，我们表明，通过允许质子直接逃脱他们的磁约束，而不相互作用的源，我们能够部分解耦的宇宙射线和提示中微子发射，这授予自由，以适应UHECR观测，同时尊重中微子的上限。最后，我们简要介绍了钉扎UHECR和UHE中微子之间的精确关系的进展，包括重子负载需要适合UHECR观测，我们将评估非常大的体积中微子望远镜在这方面发挥的作用。
英文摘要：
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have long been held as one of the most promising sources of ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos. The internal shock model of GRB emission posits the joint production of UHE cosmic ray (UHECRs, above 10^8 GeV), photons, and neutrinos, through photohadronic interactions between source photons and magnetically-confined energetic protons, that occur when relativistically-expanding matter shells loaded with baryons collide with one another. While neutrino observations by IceCube have now ruled out the simplest version of the internal shock model, we show that a revised calculation of the emission, together with the consideration of the full photohadronic cross section and other particle physics effects, results in a prediction of the prompt GRB neutrino flux that still lies one order of magnitude below the current upper bounds, as recently exemplified by the results from ANTARES. In addition, we show that by allowing protons to directly escape their magnetic confinement without interacting at the source, we are able to partially decouple the cosmic ray and prompt neutrino emission, which grants the freedom to fit the UHECR observations while respecting the neutrino upper bounds. Finally, we briefly present advances towards pinning down the precise relation between UHECRs and UHE neutrinos, including the baryonic loading required to fit UHECR observations, and we will assess the role that very large volume neutrino telescopes play in this.
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