软核玻色子的交换诱导结晶
Exchange-induced crystallization of soft core bosons
摘要：
我们研究了通过不同强度的软核排斥对势相互作用的玻色子的二维组装的相图，并将其与其中粒子被视为可区分的等效系统进行比较。我们表明，量子力学交换稳定的“集群晶体”相在一个更广泛的区域的参数空间比预测的计算中，交换被忽略。这种物理效应与发生在硬核玻色系统（例如$^4$ He）中的物理效应完全相反，在硬核玻色系统中，交换增强了流体相。在软核玻色子的簇晶相中，它是由与局部玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的形成相关的自由能增益所支撑的。
英文摘要：
We study the phase diagram of a two-dimensional assembly of bosons interacting via a soft core repulsive pair potential of varying strength, and compare it to that of the equivalent system in which particles are regarded as distinguishable. We show that quantum-mechanical exchanges stabilize a "cluster crystal" phase in a wider region of parameter space than predicted by calculations in which exchanges are neglected. This physical effect is diametrically opposite to that which takes place in hard core Bose systems such as $^4$He, wherein exchanges strengthen the fluid phase. It is underlain in the cluster crystal phase of soft core bosons by the free energy gain associated to the formation of local Bose-Einstein condensates.
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