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arXiv 1402.0495quant-phmath-phmath.MP
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通过独特的量子探针实现精确度的真正极限

True Limits to Precision via Unique Quantum Probe

Sergey I. Knysh, Edward H. Chen, Gabriel A. Durkin

摘要:

来自复合系统的量子仪器允许比经典仪器更高的测量精度,这是由于N个分量(自旋、原子或光子)之间保持了相干性。困扰现实世界设备的退相干可能是粒子损失,或热激发和弛豫,或由于外部噪声源而引起的失相-也可能是由于先前的参数不确定性。所有这些不利地影响时间、相位或频率的精确估计。我们开发了一种新的技术,揭示了N个量子比特的唯一最佳探测状态,以及上述这些噪声类型的局部和集体机制下的精度的新的严格界限。对于数值方法失效的大型量子系综,问题通过类比简化为在势阱中寻找一维粒子的基态;势阱的形状由退相干的类型和强度决定。的形式主义是适用于原型马赫-曾德尔和拉姆齐干涉仪,发现现实世界的仪器的最终性能。

英文摘要:

Quantum instruments derived from composite systems allow greater measurement precision than their classical counterparts due to coherences maintained between N components; spins, atoms or photons. Decoherence that plagues real-world devices can be particle loss, or thermal excitation and relaxation, or dephasing due to external noise sources -- and also due to prior parameter uncertainty. All these adversely affect precision estimation of time, phase or frequency. We develop a novel technique uncovering the uniquely optimal probe states of the N `qubits' alongside new tight bounds on precision under local and collective mechanisms of these noise types above. For large quantum ensembles where numerical techniques fail, the problem reduces by analogy to finding the ground state of a 1-D particle in a potential well; the shape of the well is dictated by the type and strength of decoherence. The formalism is applied to prototypical Mach-Zehnder and Ramsey interferometers to discover the ultimate performance of real-world instruments.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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