全身麻醉和局部麻醉的热力学
The thermodynamics of general and local anesthesia
摘要：
众所周知，全身麻醉剂会导致生物膜中转变的凝固点降低。这是麻醉药物在膜流体相中理想混合并从固相中排除的结果。这样一个普适定律为著名的Meyer-Overton规则提供了物理上的证明。我们在这里表明，全身麻醉剂，巴比妥类药物和局部麻醉剂都显示相同的效果融化转变。它们的作用被静水压力逆转。因此，局部麻醉药的热力学行为与全身麻醉药的热力学行为非常相似。我们提出了一个详细的热力学分析的膜在麻醉剂的存在下的热容分布。该分析能够描述实验观察到的量热曲线，并允许预测任意分子的麻醉特征。此外，我们还讨论了长链醇截止效应的热力学起源以及全身麻醉药和局麻药效应的加和性。
英文摘要：
General anesthetics are known to cause depression of the freezing point of transitions in biomembranes. This is a consequence of ideal mixing of the anesthetic drugs in the membrane fluid phase and exclusion from the solid phase. Such a generic law provides physical justification of the famous Meyer-Overton rule. We show here that general anesthetics, barbiturates and local anesthetics all display the same effect on melting transitions. Their effect is reversed by hydrostatic pressure. Thus, the thermodynamic behavior of local anesthetics is very similar to that of general anesthetics. We present a detailed thermodynamic analysis of heat capacity profiles of membranes in the presence of anesthetics. This analysis is able to describe experimentally observed calorimetric profiles and permits prediction of the anesthetic features of arbitrary molecules. In addition, we discuss the thermodynamic origin of the cutoff-effect of long-chain alcohols and the additivity of the effect of general and local anesthetics.
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