相位奇点处扭曲光-物质相互作用的表述：扭曲光规范
Formulation of the twisted-light--matter interaction at the phase singularity: the twisted-light gauge
摘要：
扭曲光是携带轨道角动量的光。这种光束的轮廓是一个环状结构，在光束轴处有一个节点，其中存在相位奇异性。由于强烈的空间不均匀性，扭曲的光-物质相互作用的数学描述是不平凡的，特别是接近相位奇异性，通常使用的偶极矩近似不能应用。本文证明了，如果扭转光束的偏振态和轨道角动量具有相同的符号，则可以导出一个类似于偶极矩近似的哈密顿量。然而，如果偏振和轨道角动量的符号不同，一般来说，光束的磁性部分变得非常重要，并且仅考虑电场的相互作用哈密顿量，如在偶极矩近似中，是不合适的。我们讨论了半导体纳米结构的扭曲光激发的这些发现的后果，例如，一个量子点，放置在相位奇点处。
英文摘要：
Twisted light is light carrying orbital angular momentum. The profile of such a beam is a ring-like structure with a node at the beam axis, where a phase singularity exits. Due to the strong spatial inhomogeneity the mathematical description of twisted-light--matter interaction is non-trivial, in particular close to the phase singularity, where the commonly used dipole-moment approximation cannot be applied. In this paper we show that, if the polarization and the orbital angular momentum of the twisted-light beam have the same sign, a Hamiltonian similar to the dipole-moment approximation can be derived. However, if the signs of polarization and orbital angular momentum differ, in general the magnetic parts of the light beam become of significant importance and an interaction Hamiltonian which only accounts for electric fields, as in the dipole-moment approximation, is inappropriate. We discuss the consequences of these findings for twisted-light excitation of a semiconductor nanostructures, e.g., a quantum dot, placed at the phase singularity.
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