木星的形成、早期撞击和水向小行星带的输送：（4）灶神星的例子
The Formation of Jupiter, the Jovian Early Bombardment and the Delivery of Water to the Asteroid Belt: The Case of (4) Vesta
摘要：
小行星（4）灶神星是霍华陨石-真斜陨石-闪长陨石的母体，是太阳系中最早形成的天体之一，主要由挥发性耗尽的物质形成。黎明任务最近提供的证据表明，在过去的4 Ga中，水合物质可能以连续的方式被运送到灶神星，而对eucritic陨石的研究揭示了一些在水和挥发性元素存在下结晶的样品。木星的形成和它的迁移可能发生在eucrites结晶的时期，并引发了一个撞击阶段，导致冰冷的星子穿过小行星带。在这项工作中，我们研究了木星早期轰击期间，在灶神星冰冷的星子通量，并利用流体动力学模拟，他们与小行星碰撞的结果。我们探讨如何迁移的巨大行星将影响水和挥发性物质的小行星的交付，我们讨论我们的结果的背景下，灶神星的地球物理和碰撞演化。特别是，我们认为，最好的观测数据再现，如果大部分的撞击物是由1-2公里宽的星子，如果木星进行了有限的（一小部分的au）位移。
英文摘要：
The asteroid (4) Vesta, parent body of the Howardite-Eucrite-Diogenite meteorites, is one of the first bodies that formed, mostly from volatile-depleted material, in the Solar System. The Dawn mission recently provided evidence that hydrated material was delivered to Vesta, possibly in a continuous way, over the last 4 Ga, while the study of the eucritic meteorites revealed a few samples that crystallized in presence of water and volatile elements. The formation of Jupiter and probably its migration occurred in the period when eucrites crystallized, and triggered a phase of bombardment that caused icy planetesimals to cross the asteroid belt. In this work, we study the flux of icy planetesimals on Vesta during the Jovian Early Bombardment and, using hydrodynamic simulations, the outcome of their collisions with the asteroid. We explore how the migration of the giant planet would affect the delivery of water and volatile materials to the asteroid and we discuss our results in the context of the geophysical and collisional evolution of Vesta. In particular, we argue that the observational data are best reproduced if the bulk of the impactors was represented by 1-2 km wide planetesimals and if Jupiter underwent a limited (a fraction of au) displacement.
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