HERMES：一种用于可扩展多核系统的分级广播硅光子互连
HERMES: A Hierarchical Broadcast-Based Silicon Photonic Interconnect for Scalable Many-Core Systems
摘要：
由于硅光子器件和制造技术的最新进展，光互连网络具有解决众核系统中片上和片外通信瓶颈的潜力。尽管与电气替代方案相比，一些设计已经显示出更高的功率效率和性能，但这些网络将无法扩展到未来所需的数千个核心。在本文中，我们介绍了Hermes，一个混合网络组成的优化的广播功率效率低延迟的全球范围内的协调和电路交换子网的高吞吐量数据传输。该网络将扩展到千核芯片系统中。在物理层面上，SOI基绝热耦合器被设计为提供低损耗和紧凑的光功率分配。在绝热耦合器的基础上，设计了一种基于二进制折叠蝶形的拓扑结构，以最小的交叉在千芯布局中提供线性功率分配。为了解决网络灵活性并提供光带宽的有效使用，引入流控制和路由机制以动态分配带宽并提供网络资源的公平使用。在系统级，设计了基于布隆过滤器的通信本地化过滤，以减少全局流量。此外，一个新的贪婪的数据和工作负载迁移的杠杆作用，以增加在NUCA（非均匀高速缓存访问）架构的通信的局部性。一阶分析评估结果表明，Hermes可扩展到至少1024个核心，并提供了显着的性能改善和节能比现有的硅光子设计。
英文摘要：
Optical interconnection networks, as enabled by recent advances in silicon photonic device and fabrication technology, have the potential to address on-chip and off-chip communication bottlenecks in many-core systems. Although several designs have shown superior power efficiency and performance compared to electrical alternatives, these networks will not scale to the thousands of cores required in the future. In this paper, we introduce Hermes, a hybrid network composed of an optimized broadcast for power-efficient low-latency global-scale coordination and circuit-switch sub-networks for high-throughput data delivery. This network will scale for use in thousand core chip systems. At the physical level, SoI-based adiabatic coupler has been designed to provide low-loss and compact optical power splitting. Based on the adiabatic coupler, a topology based on 2-ary folded butterfly is designed to provide linear power division in a thousand core layout with minimal cross-overs. To address the network agility and provide for efficient use of optical bandwidth, a flow control and routing mechanism is introduced to dynamically allocate bandwidth and provide fairness usage of network resources. At the system level, bloom filter-based filtering for localization of communication are designed for reducing global traffic. In addition, a novel greedy-based data and workload migration are leveraged to increase the locality of communication in a NUCA (non-uniform cache access) architecture. First order analytic evaluation results have indicated that Hermes is scalable to at least 1024 cores and offers significant performance improvement and power savings over prior silicon photonic designs.
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