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arXiv 1401.4540physics.soc-ph
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从手机数据到城市空间结构

From mobile phone data to the spatial structure of cities

Thomas Louail, Maxime Lenormand, Oliva García Cantú, Miguel Picornell, Ricardo Herranz, Enrique Frias-Martinez, José J. Ramasco, Marc Barthelemy

摘要:

普及的基础设施,如手机网络,能够捕获大量的人类行为数据,但也提供有关城市结构及其动态特性的信息。在这篇文章中,我们专注于这些最后的方面,通过研究在55天内记录在31个西班牙大都市地区的电话数据。我们首先定义了一个城市扩张指数,它衡量了一天中个人之间的平均距离如何演变,使我们能够突出不同类型的城市结构。然后我们关注热点,城市中最拥挤的地方。我们提出了一个无参数的方法来检测它们,并测试我们的结果的鲁棒性。这些热点的数量与人口规模呈次线性关系,这一结果与以前的理论论点和就业数据集的测量结果一致。我们研究了这些热点的寿命,并特别表明,永久的层次结构,构成了城市的“心脏”,是非常稳定的,无论城市的大小。这些热点的空间结构也很有趣,使我们能够区分不同类别的城市,从单中心和“隔离”的空间分布是非常依赖于土地使用,多中心的土地使用之间的空间混合是更重要的。这些结果表明,有可能使用高分辨率时空数据对城市进行新的定量分类。

英文摘要:

Pervasive infrastructures, such as cell phone networks, enable to capture large amounts of human behavioral data but also provide information about the structure of cities and their dynamical properties. In this article, we focus on these last aspects by studying phone data recorded during 55 days in 31 Spanish metropolitan areas. We first define an urban dilatation index which measures how the average distance between individuals evolves during the day, allowing us to highlight different types of city structure. We then focus on hotspots, the most crowded places in the city. We propose a parameter free method to detect them and to test the robustness of our results. The number of these hotspots scales sublinearly with the population size, a result in agreement with previous theoretical arguments and measures on employment datasets. We study the lifetime of these hotspots and show in particular that the hierarchy of permanent ones, which constitute the "heart" of the city, is very stable whatever the size of the city. The spatial structure of these hotspots is also of interest and allows us to distinguish different categories of cities, from monocentric and "segregated" where the spatial distribution is very dependent on land use, to polycentric where the spatial mixing between land uses is much more important. These results point towards the possibility of a new, quantitative classification of cities using high resolution spatio-temporal data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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