利用子午线太阳观测重建过去的太阳活动：西班牙海军皇家天文台的情况（1833-1840）
Reconstructing Past Solar Activity using Meridian Solar Observations: the Case of the Royal Observatory of the Spanish Navy (1833-1840)
摘要：
太阳子午线观测被用来评估过去的太阳活动。一些重要的例子是太阳子午线的意见在大教堂的圣佩特罗尼奥在博洛尼亚的几个天文学家和意见所作的Hevelius发表在他的书Machina Coelestis。然而，我们不知道这些观测结果是否可靠，因为它们不是为了估计太阳活动。本文介绍了1833-1840年期间西班牙海军皇家天文台子午线太阳观测手稿中有关太阳黑子的旁注。我们将这些观测结果与其他太阳活动指数，如太阳黑子面积和数量进行了比较。我们的结论是，在评估过去的太阳活动时，应该非常谨慎地使用太阳子午线观测。
英文摘要：
Solar meridian observations have been used to evaluate the solar activity of the past. Some important examples are the solar meridian observations made at the Basilica of San Petronio in Bologna by several astronomers and the observations made by Hevelius published in his book Machina Coelestis. However, we do not know whether these observations, which were not aimed to estimate the solar activity, are reliable for evaluating solar activity. In this paper, we present the marginal notes about sunspots that are included in the manuscripts of the meridian solar observations made at the Royal Observatory of the Spanish Navy during the period 1833-1840. We compare these observations with other solar activity indices such as sunspot area and number. Our conclusion is that solar meridian observations should be used with extreme caution to evaluate past solar activity.
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