格点量子色动力学中的局域CP破坏和磁场分离电荷
Local CP-violation and electric charge separation by magnetic fields from lattice QCD
摘要：
我们通过测量在恒定的外磁场作用下夸克的电偶极矩和拓扑电荷密度之间的局域关联来研究晶格上的局域CP破坏。发现该相关器随外场线性增加，比例系数仅弱地依赖于温度。结果得到的晶格与各种间距，并外推到连续极限后，进行重整化的观察。这种重整化利用了夸克和胶子场的梯度流。我们的研究结果表明，在具有物理夸克质量的QCD中，局部CP破坏的强度比基于具有拓扑荷的恒定胶子背景域中的几乎无质量夸克的模型预测小大约一个数量级。我们还显示了数值证据，所观察到的本地CP破坏与空间扩展的电偶极子结构的QCD真空。
英文摘要：
We study local CP-violation on the lattice by measuring the local correlation between the topological charge density and the electric dipole moment of quarks, induced by a constant external magnetic field. This correlator is found to increase linearly with the external field, with the coefficient of proportionality depending only weakly on temperature. Results are obtained on lattices with various spacings, and are extrapolated to the continuum limit after the renormalization of the observables is carried out. This renormalization utilizes the gradient flow for the quark and gluon fields. Our findings suggest that the strength of local CP-violation in QCD with physical quark masses is about an order of magnitude smaller than a model prediction based on nearly massless quarks in domains of constant gluon backgrounds with topological charge. We also show numerical evidence that the observed local CP-violation correlates with spatially extended electric dipole structures in the QCD vacuum.
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