贸易流网络的层次性揭示了产品的复杂性
Hierarchicality of Trade Flow Networks Reveals Complexity of Products
摘要：
随着全球化的发展，各国之间的贸易流动比以往更加紧密，目前的贸易流动至少达到36万亿美元。有趣的是，全球出口的大约30- 60%是中间产品。因此，特定高附加值产品的贸易流动网络可以被视为一个价值链。问题是我们能否根据这些产品独特的流动网络结构来区分它们。本文应用生态学中的流量分析方法，对638个不同产品的交易流量网络进行了分析。我们主张异速生长标度指数$η$可用于表征流网络的层次性程度，即，贸易产品是否在长的等级链上流动。然后，重点分析了附加值和复杂性较高的产品，如指数较大的机械和运输设备的流动网络。这些较高的数值表明，它们的贸易流动网络层次更高。因此，在没有全球投入产出表等额外数据的情况下，我们可以仅通过贸易网络来识别复杂性较高的产品类别以及一个国家在全球价值链中的相对重要性。
英文摘要：
With globalization, countries are more connected than before by trading flows, which currently amount to at least 36 trillion dollars. Interestingly, approximately 30-60 percent of global exports consist of intermediate products. Therefore, the trade flow network of a particular product with high added values can be regarded as a value chain. The problem is weather we can discriminate between these products based on their unique flow network structure. This paper applies the flow analysis method developed in ecology to 638 trading flow networks of different products. We claim that the allometric scaling exponent $η$ can be used to characterize the degree of hierarchicality of a flow network, i.e., whether the trading products flow on long hierarchical chains. Then, the flow networks of products with higher added values and complexity, such as machinery&transport equipment with larger exponents, are highlighted. These higher values indicate that their trade flow networks are more hierarchical. As a result, without extra data such as global input-output table, we can identify the product categories with higher complexity and the relative importance of a country in the global value chain solely by the trading network.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
