建筑材料γ放射性核素室内外照射的蒙特卡罗模拟
Monte Carlo Simulation of Indoor External Exposure due to Gamma-emitting Radionuclides in Building Materials
摘要：
使用含有K-40、U-238和Th-232等天然放射性核素及其子体的建筑材料，可能导致这些建筑物的居民受到外部照射。本文利用MCNPX程序建立了一套计算建筑材料对居民所产生的比有效剂量率（K-40、U-238系列和Th-232系列每Bq/kg的有效剂量率）的模型。分析了材料的化学成分、材料在室内的位置、材料的厚度和密度等因素的影响。为了更准确地评估建筑材料中γ放射性核素的室内外剂量，提出了3种回归公式，分别计算了K-40、U-238和Th-232系列的比有效率，并通过实测数据进行了验证。
英文摘要：
The use of building materials containing naturally occurring radionuclides,such as K-40, U-238 and Th-232 and their progeny, could lead to external exposures of the residents of such buildings. In this paper, a set of models are set up to calculate the specific effective dose rates(the effective dose rate per Bq/kg of K-40, U-238 series, and Th-232 series) imposed to residents by building materials with MCNPX code. Effect of chemical composition, position concerned in the room and thickness as well as density of material is analyzed. In order to facilitate more precise assessment of indoor external dose due to gamma emitting radionuclides in building materials, three regressive expressions are proposed and validated by measured data to calculate specific effective rate for K-40, U-238 series and Th-232 series, respectively.
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